Need Responses for the below posts-414L

May 22, 2024/0 Comments/in Engineering /by bonniejecinta

QUESTION

V1)

Designing a data warehouse requires a structured approach informed by scholarly research and industry best practices. Drawing from reputable sources, the following steps outline a systematic process for designing a data warehouse:

Define Business Objectives: Academic literature emphasizes the importance of aligning data warehouse design with organizational goals and objectives. Researchers like Kimball and Ross advocate for a top-down approach, starting with a clear understanding of business requirements to guide subsequent design decisions (Kimball & Ross, 2013).

Identify Data Sources: Scholars emphasize the need to identify and evaluate potential data sources comprehensively. This includes both internal and external sources of data, such as operational systems, external databases, and even unstructured data like social media feeds (Inmon, 2005).

Data Extraction: Extraction processes should be carefully designed to ensure data quality and integrity. Research by Redman emphasizes the importance of data quality management practices during extraction to prevent errors and inconsistencies downstream (Redman, 2008).

Data Transformation: Transformation steps involve cleaning, integrating, and standardizing data from disparate sources. According to Eckerson, transformation processes should focus on aligning data structures and formats with the intended analytical use cases (Eckerson, 2010).

Data Loading: Loading data into the warehouse requires considerations for efficiency and scalability. Research by Kimball highlights the importance of incremental loading strategies to minimize disruption and optimize loading times (Kimball, 2002).

Data Modeling: Dimensional modeling techniques, such as star schema and snowflake schema, are widely endorsed in academic literature for their effectiveness in supporting analytical queries (Kimball, 1996).

Indexing and Optimization: Indexing strategies play a crucial role in optimizing query performance. Scholarly works by Lahdenmaki and Tikkanen underscore the significance of index design and optimization techniques in enhancing data warehouse performance (Lahdenmaki & Tikkanen, 2001).

Metadata Management: Metadata plays a vital role in data warehouse governance and usability. Academic literature emphasizes the need for robust metadata management practices to ensure data lineage, quality, and accessibility (Golfarelli et al., 2003).

Security and Access Control: Security considerations are paramount in data warehouse design. Research by Imhoff et al. stresses the importance of implementing role-based access control mechanisms and encryption techniques to safeguard sensitive data (Imhoff et al., 2003).

Testing and Validation: Rigorous testing and validation procedures are essential to ensure the accuracy and reliability of data warehouse outputs. Academic works by Inmon highlight the need for systematic testing protocols to detect and rectify errors early in the development lifecycle (Inmon, 2005).

Training and Documentation: User training and documentation are critical for maximizing the utility of the data warehouse. Research by Kimball emphasizes the importance of providing comprehensive documentation and user training to facilitate effective utilization of the warehouse (Kimball, 2008).

Advantages and disadvantages of data warehousing, as supported by scholarly sources:

Advantages:

Centralized Data: Academic literature highlights the benefits of centralized data storage for enabling integrated analytics and decision-making processes (Inmon, 2005).

Historical Analysis: Longitudinal data storage capabilities enable organizations to analyze trends and patterns over time, supporting strategic planning and forecasting efforts (Kimball & Ross, 2013).

Improved Decision-Making: Access to timely and relevant data empowers decision-makers to make informed choices and gain competitive advantages (Eckerson, 2010).

Disadvantages:

Complexity: Designing and managing data warehouses can be complex and resource-intensive, requiring specialized skills and expertise (Redman, 2008).

Cost: The upfront costs associated with data warehouse implementation and ongoing maintenance can be substantial, posing financial challenges for some organizations (Imhoff et al., 2003).

Data Latency: Despite efforts to minimize latency, there may be delays in data availability due to extraction, transformation, and loading processes (Lahdenmaki & Tikkanen, 2001).

By (Deepa et al., 2022) data warehouses are databases that consolidate all the data that I’ve gathered into one accessible place for easy use. To select appropriate data to collect, I would first consider why this information is being gathered as well as its intended use. At this stage, it would be wise to convene a meeting of their management team in order to discuss how the data will be utilized by their company and when. A gathering such as this can lay the groundwork for future steps in this process. Once I know why the data will be used, the next step should be collecting it. I may require assistance from my IT department in finding an efficient means of accessing this information. If the data I was working with were financial in nature, then accessing financial reports or searching a particular database would be essential. Once I had my data organized, the next step would be acquiring the tools to turn that data into actionable knowledge. For example, if I needed access to financial reports stored in a database that could also be accessed remotely. For easy access, I need an interface for accessing my database. In order to collect and organize the necessary information in an effective manner, tools such as data warehouse may also be required.

Data Warehouses provide businesses with a central repository of data that serves as their single source of truth. By consolidating different forms of data into one location, organizations are better able to access and analyze it more efficiently. Some key benefits associated with using a data warehouse include:

1. Increased Efficiency: Data warehouses consolidate information from various sources into one central place for easy access and analysis, providing organizations with greater efficiency in accessing and analyzing their information (Deepa et al., 2022).

2. Enhance Decision-Making: By serving as a single source of truth, data warehouses enable organizations to make more well-informed decisions more quickly.

3. Increased Productivity: By automating data integration and analysis, data warehouses can help organizations save time and increase productivity.

4. Cost Savings: By consolidating information from various sources into one location, data warehouses allow organizations to save on hardware and software expenses.

Though data warehouses offer numerous benefits, as suggested by Aversa et al. (2021), there can be some potential drawbacks associated with using one. Chief among them is cost associated with setup and ongoing maintenance costs. Another potential issue involves scaling as organizations expand. Several common challenges associated with data warehouses may also exist such as:

1. Integrating Data From Different Sources

2. Creating and Integrating all kinds of data sources can be complicated and/or storage requirements could require considerable space, whil scalability can become increasingly complicated as organizations grow over time requiring continuous investments to expand data warehouse capabilities as organizations expand (Aversa et al., 2021).

3. Security: For data warehouses to protect sensitive information, they need to be secure environments.

Designing a Data Warehouse:

Requirement Analysis: Understand the business needs, stakeholders’ requirements, and the types of data needed for analysis. This involves meetings with various departments to gather insights into their data requirements.

Data Source Identification: Identify all potential data sources including databases, applications, files, etc., from which data will be extracted. Determine the frequency of data extraction and any transformations needed.

Data Modeling: Develop a conceptual, logical, and physical data model. This involves designing tables, defining relationships, and organizing data for efficient querying and analysis.

ETL Process Design: Design the Extract, Transform, Load (ETL) process to extract data from source systems, transform it to fit the data warehouse schema, and load it into the data warehouse. Consider factors like data cleansing, validation, and error handling.

Data Storage: Decide on the storage architecture and technology. This could include relational databases, columnar databases, or cloud-based storage solutions depending on scalability, performance, and budget considerations.

Metadata Management: Establish metadata standards and processes for documenting data lineage, definitions, transformations, and usage. This ensures data quality, consistency, and helps users understand the data.

Security and Access Control: Implement security measures to protect sensitive data and regulate access based on roles and permissions. This includes encryption, authentication, and auditing mechanisms.

Testing and Quality Assurance: Develop testing strategies to validate data accuracy, completeness, and performance. This involves testing ETL processes, data transformations, and querying capabilities.

Deployment and Maintenance: Deploy the data warehouse environment and establish processes for ongoing maintenance, monitoring, and optimization. This includes backup and recovery procedures, performance tuning, and scalability planning.

Advantages and Disadvantages:

Advantages:

Centralized Data: Provides a single source of truth for all organizational data, promoting consistency and reliability in decision-making.

Historical Analysis: Enables analysis of historical data trends, patterns, and insights, aiding in forecasting and strategic planning.

Improved Decision Making: Empowers stakeholders with timely and relevant information for making informed decisions, leading to better business outcomes.

Scalability: Can scale to handle large volumes of data and diverse analytical workloads, accommodating organizational growth.

Data Consistency: Ensures consistency and integrity of data across the organization, reducing discrepancies and improving data quality.

Disadvantages:

Complexity: Designing, implementing, and maintaining a data warehouse can be complex and resource-intensive, requiring skilled professionals and significant investment.

Data Latency: The ETL process may introduce latency in data availability, impacting the timeliness of insights, especially with large datasets.

Data Freshness: Historical data may become stale over time, potentially leading to outdated insights if not regularly updated.

Cost: Setting up and operating a data warehouse can be expensive, including hardware, software licenses, and ongoing maintenance costs.

Integration Challenges: Integrating disparate data sources and formats can be challenging, requiring thorough understanding of data structures and transformations.

These are some general steps and considerations based on industry best practices and common challenges encountered in designing and implementing data warehouses. Each organization may have unique requirements and constraints that influence their approach.

Designing a Data Warehouse:

Define Business Requirements: The first step would be to understand the business’s objectives and requirements. This involves collaborating with stakeholders to determine what data needs to be stored, how it will be used, and what insights they hope to gain.

Data Modeling: Once the requirements are clear, the next step is to design the data model. This involves identifying the entities, attributes, and relationships in the data and creating a logical model that represents the structure of the data warehouse.

Data Integration: Data integration is crucial for a data warehouse as it involves extracting data from various sources such as operational databases, spreadsheets, CRM systems, etc., and transforming it into a format suitable for analysis. This step also includes data cleansing and validation to ensure data quality.

Choose a Suitable Architecture: There are different architectures for data warehousing, such as the traditional Enterprise Data Warehouse (EDW), Data Mart, or Data Lake. The choice depends on factors like scalability, flexibility, and cost.

Select Technology Stack: Selecting the right technology stack is essential. This includes choosing the database management system, ETL (Extract, Transform, Load) tools, and BI tools based on factors like performance, scalability, and compatibility with existing systems.

Implementation and Testing: After selecting the technology stack, the next step is to implement the data warehouse solution. This involves building the database schema, setting up ETL processes, and testing the entire system to ensure it meets the business requirements.

Deployment and Maintenance: Once the data warehouse is implemented and tested, it needs to be deployed into the production environment. Ongoing maintenance is also crucial to ensure data quality, performance optimization, and scalability as the data warehouse grows.

Advantages of a Data Warehouse:

Centralized Data: A data warehouse centralizes data from multiple sources, providing a single source of truth for decision-making.

Historical Analysis: Data warehouses store historical data, enabling organizations to analyze trends and patterns over time.

Improved Decision Making: By providing access to accurate and timely data, data warehouses empower organizations to make informed decisions based on data-driven insights.

Scalability: Data warehouses are designed to handle large volumes of data and can scale to accommodate growing data needs.

Disadvantages of a Data Warehouse:

Cost: Building and maintaining a data warehouse can be expensive, requiring investments in hardware, software, and personnel.

Complexity: Designing and implementing a data warehouse can be complex, requiring expertise in data modeling, ETL processes, and database management.

Data Latency: Despite advances in technology, there may still be latency in data processing, which can impact the timeliness of insights derived from the data warehouse.

Data Governance Challenges: Ensuring data quality, security, and compliance can be challenging in a data warehouse environment, requiring robust data governance processes.

Designing a data warehouse involves several steps to ensure its effectiveness and efficiency. Here are the typical steps involved:

Business Requirements: Understand the business needs and objectives that the data warehouse aims to support. This involves collaborating with stakeholders to gather requirements and define key performance indicators (KPIs).

Data Source Identification: Identify all the relevant data sources within the organization. This includes operational databases, spreadsheets, flat files, CRM systems, ERP systems, etc.

Data Extraction: Extract data from the identified sources. This process involves selecting, filtering, and transforming data to make it suitable for analysis. ETL (Extract, Transform, Load) tools are commonly used for this purpose.

Data Modeling: Design the data warehouse schema based on the business requirements. This typically involves creating dimensional models such as star schema or snowflake schema.

Data Storage and Management: Decide on the storage infrastructure for the data warehouse. This could involve traditional relational databases, columnar databases, or even cloud-based solutions like Amazon Redshift, Google BigQuery, or Snowflake.

Data Access and Analysis: Provide tools and interfaces for users to access and analyze data stored in the data warehouse. This could include SQL-based querying, OLAP cubes, data visualization tools, and dashboards.

Security and Governance: Implement security measures to ensure that data in the data warehouse is secure and compliant with regulations such as GDPR or HIPAA. This may involve role-based access control, encryption, and auditing.

User Training and Support: Provide training to users on how to use the data warehouse effectively. Also, offer ongoing support to address any issues or questions users may have.

Advantages of a Data Warehouse:

Centralized Data: Data from various sources is integrated into a single repository, providing a unified view of the organization’s data.

Improved Decision Making: Data warehouses enable better decision-making by providing timely and accurate insights into business operations.

Scalability: Data warehouses can scale to handle large volumes of data and accommodate growing business needs.

Performance: Data warehouses are optimized for analytical queries, providing fast query performance for reporting and analysis.

Disadvantages of a Data Warehouse:

Complexity: Designing, implementing, and maintaining a data warehouse can be complex and resource-intensive.

Cost: Data warehousing projects can be expensive, involving significant upfront costs for hardware, software, and implementation.

Time-Consuming: Building a data warehouse requires time and effort, particularly in the data extraction, transformation, and loading (ETL) process.

Dependency on IT: Data warehouse management typically requires specialized IT skills, leading to a dependency on IT resources for maintenance and support.

Imagine that you are put in a position to design a data warehouse. Based on your research and observations, what would be the steps that you would take?

Designing a data warehouse involves a thoughtful process to ensure it meets the needs of the organization effectively. Here’s how I would approach it:

Firstly, I would sit down with key stakeholders to understand the business goals and the specific analyses they require. This helps in determining what data is needed and how it should be organized. Next, I would assess the existing data sources within the organization, like sales records, customer data, and inventory systems. We would decide which data is most important for our analyses and prioritize it for inclusion in the data warehouse. Then, I would work on designing the structure of the data warehouse. This involves creating models that organize the data in a way that makes sense for analysis, like grouping data into categories and defining relationships between different pieces of information. Once the structure is planned out, we will choose the technology that best fits our needs. This might involve selecting a database system or cloud-based solution that can handle the volume and complexity of our data. After selecting the technology, we would start moving the data into the warehouse. This involves extracting data from its original sources, transforming it into the correct format, and loading it into the warehouse. Throughout this process, it’s crucial to ensure the security of the data and control access to it based on user roles and permissions. Once the warehouse is set up, we would thoroughly test it to make sure it’s working correctly and meeting our needs. This includes checking data accuracy, performance, and reliability. Once everything is working smoothly, we would deploy the warehouse into production and provide training to users on how to access and use it effectively. Finally, we would continue to monitor and update the warehouse as needed to ensure it remains a valuable tool for the organization. This iterative approach ensures that the data warehouse evolves with the organization’s needs and continues to provide valuable insights for decision-making.

Based on your research and observations, what are the advantages and disadvantages of a data warehouse?

Based on my research and observation there are some advantages and disadvantages,

Advantages:

Centralized data storage for easy access.

Improved data quality and trustworthiness.

Better decision-making with unified data views.

Scalability to handle growing data needs.

Fast query performance for analysis.

Disadvantages:

Complexity and high implementation costs.

Potential data latency between updates.

Challenges in data governance and management.

Rigidity in structure may hinder flexibility.

Overall, while data warehouses offer significant benefits for analysis and decision-making, they require careful planning and management to address potential drawbacks

Hello Everyone,

Designing a data warehouse is a structured process that starts with understanding the organization’s business objectives and BI needs, gathering requirements from key stakeholders. It involves identifying all data sources, both internal (e.g., CRM, ERP) and external (e.g., web analytics, social media), and developing ETL processes to extract, transform, and load data into the warehouse for analysis. Data modeling is crucial, defining the schema and relationships between tables for efficient querying. Implementation requires choosing the right technology stack, considering scalability and performance. Testing ensures the warehouse meets requirements and data is consistent, leading to deployment. Ongoing maintenance is essential to ensure data quality, performance, and user support.

Advantages of a data warehouse include:

Centralized Data: Provides a single source of truth for analysis and decision-making by centralizing data from multiple sources.

Historical Analysis: Enables analysis of historical data trends and patterns for better forecasting and planning.

Improved Decision-Making: Provides timely and accurate insights to help organizations make informed decisions.

Scalability: Can scale to accommodate large volumes of data, supporting growing business needs.

Disadvantages of a data warehouse include:

Cost: Building and maintaining a data warehouse can be expensive, especially for small to medium-sized businesses.

Complexity: Designing and implementing a data warehouse requires specialized skills and expertise, which may be challenging for some organizations.

Data Latency: Data warehouses may have latency issues, especially when dealing with real-time data.

Data Quality: Ensuring data quality and consistency across multiple sources can be a significant challenge in data warehouse implementations.

Hello Everyone, I would like to share my thought on building the data warehouse. It is a critical component of modern data management systems, designed specifically to enable and support business intelligence (BI) activities, particularly analytics. It serves as a centralized repository for storing, managing, and analyzing large volumes of structured and often historical data from various sources within an organization. The primary goal of a data warehouse is to provide a reliable and consolidated source of data that can be used to generate insights and support informed decision-making.

Key Features of a Data Warehouse:

Centralized Data Storage: A data warehouse consolidates data from multiple sources, such as operational databases, application log files, and external sources, into a single, centralized repository. This centralized storage allows for easier data access and analysis.

Data Integration: Data in a data warehouse is integrated and standardized to ensure consistency and uniformity across the organization. This integration process involves cleaning, transforming, and loading data from different sources into a common format within the data warehouse.

Historical Data Storage: Unlike operational databases that typically store current or recent data, a data warehouse stores historical data over an extended period. This historical data is essential for trend analysis, forecasting, and making informed decisions based on past performance.

Support for Analytics: Data warehouses are optimized for complex queries and analytical processing. They provide tools and technologies for data analysis, reporting, and visualization, enabling users to gain insights into business operations and trends.

Scalability: Data warehouses are designed to handle large volumes of data and can scale to accommodate growing data needs. They use specialized architectures and technologies to ensure efficient data storage and processing.

Benefits of a Data Warehouse:

Improved Decision-Making: By providing a centralized and reliable source of data, a data warehouse enables organizations to make informed decisions based on accurate and up-to-date information.

Enhanced Business Intelligence: Data warehouses support advanced analytics and reporting capabilities, allowing organizations to gain deeper insights into their operations, customer behavior, and market trends.

Family Medicine 07: 53-year-old male with leg swelling

May 22, 2024/0 Comments/in Health Medical /by bonniejecinta

QUESTION

Essay Elements:

One to three pages of scholarly writing in paragraph format, not counting the title page or reference page
Brief introduction of the case
Identification of the main diagnosis with supporting rationale
Identification of at least two additional differential diagnoses with brief rationale for why these were ruled out
Diagnostic plan with supporting rationale or references
A specific treatment plan supported by recent clinical guidelines
Please refer to the rubric for point value and requirements. In general, these elements must be covered as per the rubric:
Aquifer Essay Outline

PATIENT DASHBOARD

Patient Name: Mr. Harold Smith

Age: 53
Sex assigned at birth: male
Gender identity: male
Pronouns: he/him/his
Language for medical communication: English

INTRODUCTION

You are working at a family medicine clinic with Dr. Hill. She tells you, “The next patient, Mr. Harold Smith, is a 53-year-old male with a chief concern of swelling and pain in his left lower extremity.”

Before you go to see Mr. Smith, a quick review of the chart reveals that he has type 2 diabetes, obesity, hypertension, and hyperlipidemia. You note that he has not been to the office in the past six months, and it appears that he should be out of all of his medications.

When you enter the examination room, Mr. Smith, a middle-aged male, greets you from where he is sitting. You introduce yourself and ask him what brings him to the office today.

He replies, “It’s my left leg. The past four days it has been red, swollen, and painful—and it seems to be getting worse.”

You ask him to tell you more about this problem.

He says, “It began several days ago, and the swelling seems to be getting worse. It hurts all the time; it doesn’t even get better when I rest it. It seems to get a little worse when I move around. It hurts to walk as soon as I try to stand on it.”

REASON FOR VISIT

After talking with Mr. Smith more, you discover:

Social History: Does not drink alcohol, but does smoke 1.5 packs of cigarettes daily, he is unmarried, and lives in public housing with his three children and one grandchild.

Family History: Father has hypertension. Mother has hypertension, diabetes, and history of a blood clot in her leg.

Review of Systems: No fever or chills, no chest pain, no shortness of breath, and no swelling of the right leg.

PHYSICAL EXAM 1

You examine Mr. Smith and find:

Vital Signs:

Temperature is 36.5 C (97.8 F)
Heart Rate is 85 beats/minute
Respiratory Rate 12 breaths/minute
Blood Pressure is 140/90 mmHg
O2 Saturation is 98%

Cardiovascular and lung exam: Unremarkable

Lower extremity exam:

Mr. Smith’s entire left leg is swollen, warm, and erythematous. The measurement of the circumference of the largest left calf section is 3.5 cm larger than his right calf at the same location.

There is pitting edema. The leg is tender to the touch, especially along the distribution of the deep venous system.

Dorsalis pedis and posterior tibialis pulses are palpable on both feet. Digital capillary refill time is two seconds. Deep tendon reflexes are present (2+).

He has decreased sensation and is unable to determine the location of a monofilament test on either foot up to the ankle in a stocking distribution.

You note a 2 cm ulceration on the plantar surface of Mr. Smith’s left foot.

At this point, you excuse yourself to discuss your findings with Dr. Hill, assuring Mr. Smith you will return in a few moments.

SUMMARY STATEMENT

Mr. Smith is a 53-year-old male with obesity, type 2 diabetes, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, and tobacco use who presents with a four-day history of left lower extremity edema. He reports no fever, chest pain, dyspnea, known malignancy, trauma, or period of inactivity. On exam he is afebrile. The entire left leg is swollen and erythematous, and his left calf is 3.5 cm larger in circumference than his right. There is an ulcer on the plantar surface of his left foot.

The ideal summary statement concisely highlights the most pertinent features without omitting any significant points. The summary statement above includes:

Epidemiology and risk factors: 53-year-old male with obesity, type 2 diabetes, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, and tobacco use
Key clinical findings about the present illness using qualifying adjectives and descriptive language:

Four-day history
Unilateral
No fever, chest pain, dyspnea, known malignancy, trauma, or period of inactivity
Afebrile
Left Leg circumference 3.5 cm greater than right
Edema and erythema involving the entire leg
Associated plantar ulcer

DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS

A. Cellulitis
B. Deep venous thrombosis
C. Lymphedema
E. Peripheral artery disease
G. Venous insufficiency

DIAGNOSTIC TESTS 1 – E. Venous Doppler of the lower extremity

Dr. Hill praises you, “Very nice clinical reasoning. It looks as though you have correctly narrowed your differential down to two primary diagnoses: cellulitis and deep venous thrombosis (DVT). It is important to make sure when crafting a differential for unilateral lower extremity swelling that DVT is always on that list as it’s a condition that can lead to death if missed. Let’s consider what type of information would be most helpful to obtain next.”

DIAGNOSTIC CRITERIA – High probability

Wells Criteria for the Diagnosis of DVT

Active cancer (treatment ongoing or within previous six months or palliative)	1
Paralysis, paresis, or recent plaster immobilization of the legs	1
Recently bedridden for more than three days or major surgery within four weeks	1
Localized tenderness along the distribution of the deep venous system	1
Entire leg swollen	1
Calf swelling by more than 3 cm compared with the asymptomatic leg (measured 10 cm below the tibial tuberosity)	1
Pitting edema (greater in the symptomatic leg)	1
Collateral superficial veins (non-varicose)	1
Previously documented DVT	1
Alternative diagnosis as likely or more likely than that of deep vein thrombosis	-2

Low probability 0 or less, moderate probability 1–2, high probability 3 or more.

DIAGNOSTIC TESTS 2

You conclude, “Given Mr. Smith’s high pretest probability of DVT, I don’t think I would trust a negative D-dimer result even with its high sensitivity. I think we have to get Mr. Smith a Doppler ultrasound instead.”

Dr. Hill agrees. “Ultrasonography is recommended as the initial test in a patient with high pretest probability.” And adds, “are there other diagnostic studies that you would order now?”

C. Complete blood count

E. Electrolytes, glucose, creatinine, and blood urea nitrogen (BUN)

F. Hemoglobin A1C

PHYSICAL EXAM 2 – B. Grade 2

You and Dr. Hill return to Mr. Smith’s room together. After greeting him, Dr. Hill explains, “Mr. Smith, we have a good idea of what may be causing the issues with your leg. We would like to gather some more information by taking a blood sample and sending you over to radiology for a Doppler ultrasound so that we can determine the best course of treatment for you.”

After Mr. Smith assents to the plan, Dr. Hill washes her hands and asks to take a look at his leg. She agrees with your assessment.

She walks you through a diabetic foot examination:

On Mr. Smith’s exam, Dr. Hill finds 3 out of 10 sites imperceptible using the 10-gram monofilament test, indicating some loss of protective sensation.

She finds Mr. Smith’s dorsalis pedis and posterior tibialis pulses intact bilaterally.

She notes a 2 cm ulcer on the plantar surface of his foot, with some surrounding erythema, and callous formation. The ulcer is deep, including full skin thickness, down to muscles and ligaments, but no exposed tendons, or bony involvement, and there appears to be no abscess formation.

She finds that the skin on Mr. Smith’s feet is dry and his toenails are dystrophic and incurvated, demonstrating inappropriate self-care.

At the end of the diabetic foot exam, Dr. Hill turns to you and asks, “What do you think we should do about his foot ulcer?”

You admit, “I’m not sure about that. Would antibiotics help?”

“They would if his wound is infected, but first we should evaluate the grade of the ulcer,” Dr. Hill explains.

REVIEWING LAB RESULTS – Uncontrolled diabetes

You and Dr. Hill determine that Mr. Smith’s foot ulcer does not require antibiotics at this time, but does require debridement, which you will address after he’s had his tests done. Mr. Smith has his blood drawn and a Doppler ultrasound performed.

A few hours later, you see that the results of the labs have returned:

Complete Blood Count:

Lab Value	Conventional	SI
WBC	7.5 x103/μL	7.5 x109/L
Hgb	13.7 g/dL	137 g/L
Hemoglobin A1C	10.2 %	.102

Chemistry:

Lab Value	Conventional	SI
Na	137 mEq/L	137 mmol/L
K	4.0 mEq/L	4.0 mmol/L
Cl	98 mEq/L	98 mmol/L
C02	25 mEq/L	25 mmol/L
BUN	18 mg/dL	6.3 mmol/L
Creatinine	1.0 mg/dL	88 mmol/L
Glucose	232 mg/dL	12.7 mmol/L

FORMULATING A PLAN

Dr. Hill informs you, “I just received a call from the radiologist. It looks as if our suspicions were correct. Doppler ultrasound shows that Mr. Smith has a DVT in the femoral vein. So now the question is: What do we do about it?”

You respond, “Well he needs anticoagulation to prevent a pulmonary embolus (PE), right?”

“Right. His short-term risk of a PE is high, so we need to anticoagulate him right away.”

DISCUSSION OF TREATMENT

Dr. Hill calls Mr. Smith’s pharmacy and finds that his insurance will only cover dabigatran and does not cover any other DOAC. Unfortunately, insurance does not cover the necessary pre-treament parenteral agent enoxaparin (injectable low molecular weight heparin) without prior approval, which may take a few days to achieve. (It is late in the day when you are seeing him.) Dr. Hill asks you if you think he would be better managed in the hospital or as an outpatient.

After thinking about it for a minute you respond, “I don’t think it is acceptable to send him home if we can’t ensure that he will be able to get enoxaparin or one of the DOACs that can be used for monotherapy tonight. His day-to-day risk of a pulmonary embolus is too high. Also, I am worried about his ability to adhere to new complicated instructions, given that he has a busy home and work life and has not been able to prioritize his own care. He needs to have a plan for managing his medications and he has this foot ulcer that needs care. I think it would be best to stabilize him in the hospital and work on having a more supportive home environment.”

Dr. Hill replies, “Excellent. I agree that Mr. Smith will be best treated in the hospital. Let’s look into how we will do that.”

IMPLEMENTATION OF TREATMENT PLAN

You and Dr. Hill decide to have Mr. Smith anticoagulated on LMWH because it doesn’t require laboratory testing and dosage titration and Mr. Smith may be more comfortable if he’s not hooked up to an IV.

Dr. Hill adds, “We only want to use low molecular weight heparin for a short term. After five days we will start dabigatran since he will need a longer course of anticoagulant therapy to reduce his risk of PE. In his case, his risk factors are not readily reversible, which will factor into our thinking about the duration of his treatment. If, for example, he had developed his DVT as a complication of surgery (a common and transient risk factor), we would have less cause for concern about his risk for recurrence of his DVT.”

SCIENCES EXCELLENCE IN ACTION

Dr. Hill asks you if the patient should get a thrombophilia workup, keeping in mind that these workups can be costly.

Having just had a session on value-based care, you respond that since this was the patient’s first thrombosis, you didn’t feel it would be cost-effective to do a thrombophilia workup.

However, Dr. Hill tells you, “We actually got lucky we caught Mr. Smith’s DVT when we did. It could have been worse. I am worried he may have an underlying predisposition to forming clots because of his mother’s history of a DVT and am worried about recurrence.”

MULTIDISCIPLINARY CARE

Dr. Hill says, “Since we are planning on treating Mr. Smith in the hospital, one of the advantages of inpatient treatment is that we can get the wound team nurse to evaluate his ulcer and make some recommendations. While we have Mr. Smith in the hospital, are there other specialists or team members that we can involve to improve his health?”

You suggest, “What about an endocrinologist to help with diabetes management?”

“Now there’s an interesting thought. What do you think is complicating Mr. Smith’s glucose control?”

You contemplate this, “In thinking about his history, it seems that he has been nonadherent with his medication regimen, diet, exercise program, and his follow-up appointments for some time. He describes a stressful social situation at home with family and financial problems, as well as work-related stress.”

“How do you think an endocrinology consult will help with that?” Dr. Hill wants to know.

“I see your point,” you admit. “His problems in managing his chronic illness seem to be more social than medical.”

“That’s right.” Dr. Hill adds, “It’s possible that an endocrinology consult might be useful down the road, especially if he is brittle or otherwise difficult to control on routine medication, but we really have not had the opportunity to see if standard care will be successful because of his social factors.”

“So, I guess it might be better if we get some recommendations from a diabetes educator, a social worker and maybe even the Pharm D,” you suggest.

“Excellent! Ideally, we could all meet in a room and map out a plan for his care, but this isn’t practical in reality. Instead, our role, as the family clinician, is to assume responsibility for coordinating and directing his care and ensuring that everyone on the team is working toward the same goal.” Dr. Hill explains.

DISCUSSING THE PLAN WITH THE PATIENT

Several days have gone by and you and Dr. Hill are now rounding on your patients in the hospital. When you get to Mr. Smith, you tell Dr. Hill:

“This is Mr. Smith’s third day in the hospital. He says he is feeling better, the pain and swelling in his leg is improving. His temperature is 36.2 C (97.2 F), his pulse is 80 beats per minute, his respiratory rate is 16 breaths per minute, his blood pressure is 128/78 mmHg. On exam, his foot ulcer has some fresh granulation tissue on the wound edges. Labs include his fasting glucose this morning was 128 mg/dL (7.0 mmol/L). His CBC was normal and his platelets are stable from admission.”

Dr. Hill responds, “Good. I just got word from his pharmacy that the enoxaparin has now been approved by his insurance, so if he can inject himself for two more days, he can go home. We will need to arrange a close follow-up with visiting nurses and at our office, so he can continue his treatment for his diabetic foot ulcer.”

You comment, “This all seems so much easier than it would have been if he were taking warfarin. How long would it take to get his INR to the therapeutic range if he were using warfarin?”

Dr. Hill tells you, “It varies a lot from person to person, but it commonly takes at least five days for a patient’s INR to get above 2.0. When starting it, you have to balance speed with the risk of overshooting his INR goal and ending up increasing his risk of bleeding by making him supratherapeutic. It is good to consider warfarin dosing since it is still commonly used. It is a very effective medication, but it can be dangerous as well.”

FOLLOW-UP 2

“What do you think we should do next?” Dr. Hill wants to know.

After contemplating this for a moment, you conclude, “Since his insurance has now approved the prior authorization for 2 days of enoxaparin he can finish the pretreatment phase at home. He has been on enoxaparin for three days now. My understanding is that he needs to be on enoxaparin for 5 days and then he can begin the dabigatran. He will need to be able to give himself the enoxaparin at home for 2 days and then be able to start the oral dabigatran about 12 hours after his last dose of enoxaparin. His floor nurse has been showing him how to give the injections, so I think he will be able to do it. He said he doesn’t like it very much, but he would do it if he has to.”

You continue, “He’s back on his regular medications which have improved his blood pressure and glucose. The foot ulcer has been debrided and is getting better. There doesn’t seem to be much more for us to do in the hospital, so I think he might be ready to go home later today.”

“I agree,” Dr. Hill replies. “What type of arrangements will he need at home?”

“Home health should be able to manage his wound. I would think with that and close follow-up in the office, he should do well,” you predict. “We also need to make sure he understands the timing of the enoxaparin and transition over to the dabigatran, and that he knows where to pick up both his medications.

You also remind Dr. Hill that Mr. Smith’s obesity and smoking still pose tremendous risks to his health and that in future visits to the clinic, he should be counseled regarding weight loss and smoking cessation as well as managed for hypertension, hyperlipidemia, and diabetes.

A Comparative Analysis of Piaget and Vygotsky’s Theories of Cognitive Development

May 22, 2024/0 Comments/in Humanities /by bonniejecinta

QUESTION

Comparison and Contrast of Piaget and Vygotsky’sTheoriesYu-Chia Huang11Shanghai American School, Shanghai, ChinaCorresponding author’s e-mail: Vivian.wang@cas-harbour.orgABSTRACTJean Piaget and Lev Vygotsky are the two most influential developmental psychologists. Their contributions to the fieldof developmental psychology, though different, are still similarly remarkable and unique. In spite of such resemblances,there exists a crucial, and generally unnoticed, the difference between Piaget’s and Vygotsky’s theories, and that thisdifference underlies the way each author addresses the concept of cognitive development. In short, which theory is morecorrect? Throughout this paper, we will discover what informs both psychologists’ theories, how they are similar, howthey are different, and why they have both remained so prominent throughout educational textbooks. Although never indirect competition with each other, the theories developed by Piaget and Vygotsky are often used in contrast with oneanother, since both offer learning theories with a significant difference, but still impacting on understanding cognitivedevelopment.Ultimately, discovering that neither Piaget or Vygotsky’s theory is actively correct, but both arehighly important to be aware of when education early learners.Keywords: Jean Piaget, Lev Vygotsky, Cognitive Development, Assimilation, Sociocultural1. INTRODUCTIONCognitive development is a field of study inneuroscience and psychology that focus on how humansthink, explore and solve problems. It is the developmentof knowledge, skills, problem solving and dispositions,which help children to think about and understand theworld around them. The methods and approaches to thecognitive-developmental issue in psychology have beengreatly influenced by the research of Jean Piaget and LevVygotsky. Both researchers have significantlycontributed to the field for children’s development. Theimpact of their thoughts on how a person learns led totheories on how a person should be taught. The work ofthe Swedish scientist Jean Piaget (1896-1980) of geneticepistemology concentrated on the social in learning.While the Russian psychologist Lev Vygotsky’s culturalhistorical theory concentrated on the individual inlearning. Piaget and Vygotsky both provided a distinctiveyet remarkable similar approaches to cognitivedevelopment— bringing us to the crux of this researchpaper. The development of scientific psychological ideasis determined by the aggregation of many factors, whereit has its own logic of development which is expressed inthe gradual change of scientific paradigms, approaches,and methods of research into a psychological reality. Thetopic of “Piaget vs. Vygotsky” could be categorized as“parallel discoveries” when contemporary problemsarising from the constant development of psychologicalknowledge and based on previous discoveries are addedsimultaneously by scholars representing differentscientific schools and traditions, where at times it can becontrasting to each other.Throughout this article, how both psychologists’theories are similar and different, and why they have bothremained so prominent throughout today’s educationaltextbooks will be discovered, in order to answer thequestion of who’s theory is more correct. Although neverin direct competition with each other, Piaget andVygotsky’s theories are often used in contrast with oneanother, since both offer learning theories with asignificant difference, however still impacting onunderstanding cognitive development.Advances in Social Science, Education and Humanities Research, volume 554Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Humanities andSocial Science Research (ICHSSR 2021)Copyright © 2021 The Authors. Published by Atlantis Press SARL.This is an open access article distributed under the CC BY-NC 4.0 license -http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/. 28

2. ANALYSIS2.1. Jean Piaget’s Cognitive DevelopmentTheoryJean Piaget definition of the cognitive development isdependent on how the child interacts with theenvironment, in other words, the constructivist approachof the child. Children will actively construct and createschemas (cognitive frameworks that organize andinterpret information) which strive in order to make senseof the world around us. As the child goes through its life,it will incorporate the experiences it had encountered intoits existing schemas [4]. However, sometimes the newinformation and experiences do not ‘neatly fit’ or violatea schema, thus the children must change their way ofthinking to accommodate the new knowledge or to makesense of their environment. Disequilibrium occurs whennew knowledge does not fit with the children’saccumulated knowledge [1]. Therefore, when a childattains assimilation, accommodation, and equilibrium,the child creates a new stage of cognitive development.Humans essentially change their way of thinking toaccommodate the new knowledge.2.1.1. Four Distinct Cognitive Stages:SensorimotorJean Piaget also proposed that the human minddeveloped through the four distinct universal series ofstages from infant to young adult: sensorimotor,preoperational, concrete operations, and formaloperations. Between the ages of zero and two years of age,the infant is in the sensorimotor stage. During this stage,babies experience his or her world mostly throughsensory impressions and motor activities. Around the ageof 8 months old, the child begins to develop a sense ofobject permanence, which is a realization that objectscontinue to exist even when the object is not within thefield of vision. Moreover, the child begins to develop agoal- directed behavior, where a child essentially beginsto understand that his or her actions could cause anotheraction. For example, kicking an object would result in amovement in the object. Children in the sensorimotorstage are able to reverse actions, however, still unable toreverse thinking.2.1.2. Four Distinct Cognitive Stages: Pre-OperationalA child in the pre-operational stage, between the ageof two and seven years old, they will begin to masterlanguage, however still unable to perform mentaloperations; which refers to the irreversibility concept ofmentally reversing a sequence of events. Children earlyin this stage are egocentric, as they view the worldthrough their own viewpoints and are unable to view asituation from another person’s point of view. However,Piaget asserted that since a child acts on his ownenvironment for learning, the social interaction will movea child away from egocentrism. While later in this stage,children begin to develop the theory of mind, which is theability to infer other people’s intentions, they can beginto understand why somebody did something, and ho thefeelings, perceptions, and thoughts of others may resultin another’s behavior. This is because they canincreasingly understand and formulate expectationsabout what will happen in a situation.2.1.3. Four Distinct Cognitive Stages:Concrete OperationalConcrete operational occurs between the ages ofseven to twelve years old. Reasoning processes begin totake shape during this stage, as they can thinkoperationally and can understand conservation. However,children in this stage cannot think in abstract, as they arestill just concrete thinkers. Take a child learning math, forexample, a child here will often use his or her fingers(physical properties or tangible items) to add or subtract,since they struggle to make the jump to an abstractalgebraic question. In addition, reasoning processes alsobegin in the concrete operational stage, as we gain theability to think about the way we think, or in other words,children begin to develop metacognition. Piaget claimsthat there are three basic reasoning skills that are acquiredduring this stage: identity, compensation, and alsoreversibility. A child will learn that a “person or objectremains the same over time” (identity) and one actioncould cause changes in another (compensation) [7].2.1.4. Four Distinct Cognitive Stages: FormalOperationalThe final stage of Piaget’s cognitive development isthe formal operational, which occurs between the age ofeleven years old to adulthood. This is when an adolescentbegins to think in a different manner, as the thinkingprocess starts to change from being confined to the abilityto think abstractly. Children in this stage now acquiresystematic or logical reasoning abilities. Throughhypothetico-deductive reasoning, one has achieved theability to think scientifically through generatingpredictions, or hypotheses, about the world to answerquestions [4]. Thus, people have the ability of systematicreasoning to conceive the best possible solution to avoidconsequences.2.1.5. The Validity of Piaget’s TheoryResearch supports Piaget’s basic construct of humancognition unfolds basically in the sequence he described.Infants, young children, and older children do use distinctcognitive abilities to construct their understanding of theworld. However, Piaget underestimated the cognitiveAdvances in Social Science, Education and Humanities Research, volume 55429

abilities of infants and young children. At around 8months old, babies have developed schemas for familiarfaces. When given over to someone who does not fit theschema (an unfamiliar person) they often grow upset andreach out to the familiar person, which this concept isknown as stranger anxiety. Babies also seem to be awareof numbers. If shown 5 toys, then shown only 4, theyseem surprised and shocked. Thus, Piaget underestimatedthe impact of the social and cultural environment oncognitive development.2.1.6. Final Thoughts on Piaget’s TheoryConclusively, Jean Piaget’s theory of cognitivedevelopment essentially suggests that children progressthrough a series of four distinct stages of cognitivedevelopment from an infant to a young adult. Each stageincludes certain milestones where the child begins todemonstrate a more sophisticated comprehension of theenvironment, as well as the children’s continuous drive todevelop and adapt schemas, or understandings about theworld.2.2. Lev Vygotsky’s Cognitive DevelopmentTheoryMeanwhile, another psychologist offered his beliefsregarding the cognitive development theory. As analternative to Piaget’s universal stages of cognitivedevelopment, Lev Vygotsky proposed the SocioculturalTheory of Development, which became a major influencein the field of psychology. Lev Vygotsky’s SocioculturalTheory of Development theory describes student learningas a social process, which facilitates a child’s potential forlearning through social interactions and their culture [3].Clearly, Vygotsky’s theory is much different compared toPiaget’s cognitive development theory— children act ontheir environment to learn, while Vygotsky emphasizeson how children learn through social interactions andtheir ability to communicate with their peers to acquirethe cultural values in society. While both Piaget andVygotsky agreed that children actively constructknowledge. Vygotsky claimed that most of what childrenlearn comes from the culture in which they live in. Thisindicates that language is the primary tool for socialmentoring, as it provides the building blocks for thinkingand, as the child grows older, it comes to serves as themost important tool of learning.2.2.1. Impact of “Dialogues”Through the social interactions of “dialogues”,people begin to move toward a more individualizedthinking. This learning process involves peopleinteracting with each other during shared activities,usually to resolve a problem; when a child receives help,he or she may be able to utilize the strategy from previousexperiences in the future. This social interaction of“dialogues” will lead to internalization, which in turnleads one to independent thinking.2.2.2. Impact of ScaffoldingScaffolding is another of Vygotsky’s principle of thesociocultural perspective. This education teaching stylefacilitates the student as he or she learns a new skill orconcept, with the ultimate goal of the student becomingself- reliant [8]. Derived from Vygotsky’s theories, inpractice, it involves teaching material just beyond thelevel at which the student can learn independently. Thus,scaffolding involves providing the learner with hints orclues, in order to allow the student to better approach theproblem. In this case, Piaget would assume that thestudent does not yet have the mental structures to solvethe problem, Vygotsky would rather offer strategies, inthe form of scaffolding, for the student to attempt to solvethe problem.2.2.3. Impact of Private SpeechPrivate speech also provides an aspect of languagedevelopment [2]. Vygotsky considered private speech asa major transition point between social and inner speech.Private speech is a type of speech addressed to the self(not others) for the purpose of self-regulation. Thus,Vygotsky understood the significance of self-directedspeech, while Piaget may view the private speech asegocentric or immature.2.2.4. Cultural ToolsVygotsky also recognized the importance of culturaltools in cognition. Cultural tools in cognition can bereferred to as any tool that supports communication [9].For instance, the media or television are just a handful ofall the tools that are available for problem solving andlearning. Therefore, children can utilize the cultural toolsto help support their own learning.2.2.5. Final Thoughts on Vygotsky’s TheoryVygotsky stated that “learning is a necessary anduniversal aspect of the process of developing culturallyorganized, the specifically human psychologicalfunction” [5]. This demonstrates that social learningtends to precede cognitive development. Just like Piaget,Vygotsky believed that there were problems regardingchildren’s range of learning. Thus, Vygotsky proposed theprinciple of the zone of proximal development. Incontrast with Piaget, Vygotsky believed that throughproper assistance and encouragement, children are ableto perform a task that Piaget would consider to be out ofthe child’s mental capabilities. The zone of proximaldevelopment refers to what the child can perform whengiven proper assistance. Therefore, the term “proximal””indicates those skills that the learner is “close” toAdvances in Social Science, Education and Humanities Research, volume 55430

mastering [6]. Vygotsky believed the role of education toprovide children with experiences to socially interactwith each other will allow the children to acquire thecultural values in society, thereby encouraging theirindividual learning through his theory of the zone ofproximal development.3. DISCUSSIONBoth psychologist, Jean Piaget and Lev Vygotskyoffered distinctive approaches to the cognitive-developmental issue in the field of psychology. WhilePiaget and Vygotsky both agreed that children activelyconstruct knowledge through the acquisition of speech.Vygotsky claimed that most of what the children learncomes from the culture in which they live. Thefundamental difference between Piaget and Vygotsky isthat Piaget believed in the constructivist approach ofchildren, or in other words, how the child interacts withthe environment, whereas Vygotsky stated that learningis taught through socially and culturally. Piaget believedchildren should be given the ability to understandschemas on their own. While Vygotsky believes thatchildren will be able to reach a higher cognitive levelthrough instruction from a more knowledgeableindividual.In addition, Piaget believed children will only learnwhen they attain assimilation, accommodation, andequilibrium. For example, when a child encounters ahorse, they might assimilate this information and call thisanimal a dog. The process of accommodation will allowthe child to adapt to the existing schema in order toincorporate the knowledge that some four-legged animalsare horses. Whereas Vygotsky believed that thedevelopment could be taught with correct scaffoldingthat is within the zone of proximal development. Forinstance, if students are not at the reading level requiredto understand a text, the teacher might usescaffolding to incrementally improve the students’reading ability until they are able to read the textindependently without assistance.4. CONCLUSIONUltimately, both psychologists have significantlycontributed to the field for children’s cognitivedevelopment. Piaget proposed that children progressthrough a universal stage of cognitive developmentthrough maturation, discovery practices, and some socialtransmissions of assimilation and accommodation.Vygotsky’s theory emphasized the importance of cultureand language of one’s cognitive development. While bothPiaget and Vygotsky may provide a distinctive approachto cognitive development theory that differs from eachother, both theories offer reasonable approaches on howto teach certain material, concerning the ways in whichchildren’s process of thinking develops into adulthood.When both theories are used in conjunction to oneanother, there is an endless scope to help children developcritical thinking skills as well as cognitive awareness fora well-rounded method to learn. In the final analysis, it isclear that neither theory is actively correct to answer thequestion whether Piaget or Vygotsky’s theory is correct,however both psychologists are highly critical to thediscussion of cognitive development.ACKNOWLEDGMENTFirst and foremost, words are powerless to expressmy gratitude towards my mentor, Professor Li. I thankyou from the bottom of my heart for all you have done. Itruly appreciate the fact that you sacrificed your own timeto spread your knowledge and wisdom regarding thesubjects that you prepared: brain, behavior, andpsychopathology; where you could have rather spentyour precious time being around your family and friends,especially during the time of a COVID-19 pandemic.REFERENCES[1] S. D’Mello. Cognitive Disequilibrium Theory.ResearchGate, Jan. 2010,www.researchgate.net/figure/Cognitive-Disequilibrium- Theory_fig1_215835874.[2] P. Feigenbaum. Private Speech: Cornerstone ofVygotsky’s Theory of the Development of HigherPsychological Processes.lchc.ucsd.edu/MCA/Mail/xmcamail.2009_11.dir/pdf1Gp XwFkltX.pdf.[3] M. Lally, and S.Valentine-French. LifespanDevelopment. Vygotsky’s Sociocultural Theory ofCognitive Development | Lifespan Development,courses.lumenlearning.com/suny-lifespandevelopment/chapter/vygotskys-sociocultural-theory-of-cognitive-development/.[4] S. Mcleod. Jean Piaget’s Theory of CognitiveDevelopment. Simply Psychology, SimplyPsychology, 6 June 2018,www.simplypsychology.org/piaget.html.[5] S. Mcleod. Lev Vygotsky. Vygotsky | SimplyPsychology, 2018,www.simplypsychology.org/vygotsky.html.[6] S. Mcleod. What Is the Zone of ProximalDevelopment? Zone of Proximal Development andScaffolding | Simply Psychology, SimplyPsychology, 2019,www.simplypsychology.org/Zone-of-Proximal-Development.html.[7] A.N. Meltzoff, and M.K. Moore. OBJECTREPRESENTATION, IDENTITY, AND THEPARADOX OF EARLY PERMANENCE: StepsAdvances in Social Science, Education and Humanities Research, volume 55431

Business Question

May 22, 2024/0 Comments/in Business & Finance /by bonniejecinta

Question

THEME: Exploring the Role

Instructions: Support your argument with with research. Respond to a classmate with a robust and substantive respond

First Post:

Transformational leadership holds a crucial role in addressing underlying factors and facilitating significant advancements in public health. In this context, leaders are required to initiate comprehensive changes in beliefs and organizational structures. This approach is essential to tackle complex health issues. such as racism and other social determinants. Leaders should express cultural competence. Leaders with cultural competency are better equipped to navigate and respect differences in values (Birhanu et al., 2023). Leaders should possess the ability to understand and respect diverse backgrounds within both patient populations and healthcare professionals. Implementing training programs can foster an environment where diverse cultural needs are recognized. Encouraging inclusive decision-making guarantees the engagement of stakeholders from diverse sectors. The creation of interdisciplinary task forces can address upstream factors by considering diverse perspectives into decision-making processes. Advocacy for policy changes is a powerful strategy in addressing originating challenges (Torvinen & Jansson, 2023). Transformational leaders should advocate for policies that target social and economic determinants of health. For instance, advocating for legislation promoting affordable housing can have a significant impact on public health outcomes. Lastly, leaders need to embody a commitment to Continuous Learning and Adaptability. The landscape of public health is dynamic, and leaders must be open to new ideas and evidence-based practices. Adaptability ensures that strategies remain relevant and effective in the face of evolving challenges (Thomas & Suresh, 2023).

Second Post:

Transformational leaders can make significant changes in healthcare and public health by focusing on earlier events. They need to deal with the underlying issues that keep health disparities going, such as social and environmental factors, bad policies, and racism that is built into the system. To begin, transformational leaders should have a vital moral purpose and care deeply about social justice and health equality (Helm-Murtagh & Erwin, 2022). This belief gives them the strength to break down oppressive systems and put the needs of underserved areas first. They must also be emotionally intelligent to build trust and understanding among various partners.

Transformational leaders can use systems thinking to connect health results to factors affecting them earlier and, for instance, figure out how poverty, pollution, and discrimination all work together to make places with a lot of people who are marginalized more likely to have asthma. After that, they can help people work together to find answers like better housing, rules for the environment, and training to stop racism (Helm-Murtagh & Erwin, 2022). In addition, innovative leaders give people the tools they need to make change happen. They can set up processes where people with real experience can help decide what needs to be done and how it should be done. This method from the bottom up boosts self-efficacy and long-term success (Helm-Murtagh & Erwin, 2022). Leaders also give unheard voices a chance to be heard by putting community members in charge of organizations.

Lastly, policy support is significant for leaders who want to change things. They must ask government leaders to fix health disparities by changing areas like schooling, transportation, and criminal justice (Helm-Murtagh & Erwin, 2022). They can also work with people from different fields to make health-in-all programs happen. They can have a more significant impact if they work together with the media and business people (Helm-Murtagh & Erwin, 2022). To sum up, transformational leaders make a real difference in the health and fairness of a population by tackling underlying issues through strong morals, systems thought, community empowerment, and policy advocacy.

THEME: Authentic vs. Directive

Instructions: Support your argument with with research. Respond to a classmate with a robust and substantive respond. Minimum 150 words.

First:

In opposition to the statement, I argue that authentic leadership remains a crucial and effective style in healthcare settings, even in high-stress and fast-paced environments like hospitals. Research indicates that authentic leadership fosters a positive work environment, which is vital for both patient care and staff well-being. Authentic leaders, characterized by traits such as self-awareness and transparency, can build trust within healthcare teams. This trust is essential for effective collaboration and communication, particularly in situations where quick decision-making is crucial. Studies, such as those by Iqbal et al. (2020), suggest that authentic leadership positively influences employee job satisfaction and commitment, crucial factors in retaining skilled healthcare professionals. Moreover, the compassionate and empathetic aspects of authentic leadership align well with the caring nature of the healthcare profession. In a study by McPherson et al. (2022), authentic leadership was associated with increased staff well-being and decreased burnout, ultimately contributing to better patient outcomes. While directive leadership may provide swift decision-making, the long-term impact on staff morale and the overall workplace culture should not be overlooked (Helm-Murtagh & Erwin, (Eds.). (2022). Authentic leadership, with its emphasis on shared values and mutual respect, can lead to a more resilient and engaged healthcare team, better equipped to navigate challenges in the fast-paced healthcare environment.

Second:

There are good things about authentic leadership, but directive leadership works better for the complicated and high-stakes world of healthcare. The focus of authentic leadership on building relationships and giving people power is admirable. Still, it can make it harder to move quickly and decisively when life or death is at stake (Helm-Murtagh & Erwin, 2022). In emergencies like trauma or cardiac death, there is no time to make decisions together. In times of chaos, direct leaders make quick decisions that help their staff stay on track. When seconds count, they ensure safety rules are followed and put speed first.

Some people say that authentic leadership boosts morale, but others say that directive leadership gives healthcare workers the strong structure they need when they have a lot of work to do. Employees want leaders who can handle the high risks in healthcare to be skilled and dependable. They do not want unlimited power; they want straightforward jobs and responsibilities (Helm-Murtagh & Erwin, 2022). Clear leaders give people the direction they need without getting too involved in managing relationships. Ultimately, the benefits of natural, relationship-based leadership do not outweigh the need for directive leadership during healthcare situations (Helm-Murtagh & Erwin, 2022). Directive leaders take quick, firm action and use command and control effectively, which is essential for patient safety and good results. They give workers the order they need in high-stakes, chaotic places of work.

Also, authentic leadership builds trust and participation, but it can let bad performers get away with it when it does not give orders. On the other hand, directive leaders keep bad work from sliding by and take bold steps to fix it when needed. It keeps healthcare strict and in line with high standards. Also, the empowerment that comes from authentic leadership can backfire if there are not any clear limits. In healthcare, it is dangerous when jobs and rules are not straightforward(Helm-Murtagh & Erwin, 2022). In complex, hazardous situations, directive leadership clarifies what needs to be done to avoid mistakes. There are also benefits to directive leadership when handling limited healthcare resources. Tough choices about allocation need to be made quickly, with little consultation (Helm-Murtagh & Erwin, 2022). Direct leaders make tough decisions quickly.

Lastly, authentic leaders connect with their followers on an emotional level. Still, detached directive leadership helps clinicians keep their emotions in check and avoid burnout when dealing with stress. Healthcare workers can deal with a lot with clear instructions and separate tasks (Helm-Murtagh & Erwin, 2022). To sum up, authentic leadership has its good points, but modern healthcare’s complicated, high-risk world is better suited to directive leadership’s focus on making choices, setting up structures, enforcing rules, and allocating resources efficiently. The best parts of each style are used in a blended method. However, clear leadership saves lives in situations where lives are at stake.

THEME: Financial Planning

Instructions: Responses to classmates’ posts comprising at least 150 words supporting, challenging, clarifying, or adding to the existing information.

First:

Setting short-, mid- and long-term financial goals is a crucial first step toward achieving financial security. We are more prone to spend more money than we should if we have no clear goals in mind. We have the chance to formally examine the objectives, revise them, and assess any advancements made since last year during annual financial planning. Establishing short-term financial objectives provides us with the groundwork and confidence boost required to accomplish longer-term, more ambitious goals. In as short as a year, it should be relatively easy to complete some basic steps like making a budget and following it, creating an emergency savings account, and reducing credit card debt. Companies that prioritize short-term objectives manage to overcome short-term obstacles, but they are unable to stop them from happening again. On the other hand, companies that solely have long-term objectives might not survive long enough to achieve them. When creating a financial strategy, senior financial analysts, finance managers, investment bankers, and other professionals need to figure out a flexible balance between these two approaches.

In healthcare organizations, strategic planning is crucial. The fast-paced environment of today and the expanding array of healthcare providers and care options available to patients mean that their demands are constantly changing. Healthcare leaders need to embrace comprehensive strategic planning and strategic financial planning processes to guarantee their companies’ long-term success. These procedures foster involvement, make plans consistent with an organization’s goal, vision, and values, and give stakeholders a clear understanding of the organization’s direction and strategy for navigating an ever-changing environment to get there. I can optimize and safeguard my earning potential by understanding most scenarios and establishing long-term financial goals, even if it is nearly impossible to plan for every possible event. Clarity and peace of mind are provided by setting and achieving attainable goals; this enables me to concentrate on my personal and professional lives without worrying about unexpected medical expenses, credit card debt, or student loan debt.

Second:

Clinical analysts are impacted by both long-term and short-term financial planning, as stated in the learning goals. Long-term financial planning encompasses a company’s financial operations and their corresponding outcomes over a span of two to ten years, whereas short-term plans pertain to a duration of one or two years (Page 4). It is imperative for clinical analysts to possess a comprehensive understanding of financial planning procedures for a multitude of reasons. Financial planning has a direct impact on the allocation of resources and budgets in the healthcare sector. Long-term financial plans provide direction for short-term financial plans (Page 81), impacting the allocation of resources and investment in technology, infrastructure, and staffing. Resource allocation in healthcare has a direct impact on patient care, operational efficiency, and financial performance (Mousa & Othman, 2020). Furthermore, clinical analysts must possess a comprehensive understanding of profit and cash planning, as these factors are essential components of financial planning. Profit planning involves the utilization of the pro forma income statement and balance sheet, whereas cash planning entails the utilization of the cash budget or forecast (Page 81). These elements are crucial for evaluating the financial well-being of healthcare institutions, minimizing expenses, and financing necessary clinical operations. In addition, clinical analysts are required to assess the influence of depreciation on cash flows (LG 2, Page 2) as well as the firm’s statement of cash flows, operating cash flow, and free cash flow (LG 3, Page 2). Comprehending these concepts allows for a comprehensive financial analysis of therapy programs, technology investments, and operational effectiveness.

Third:

Financial planning is a crucial organizational practice that dictates performance in healthcare firms. According to Lee et al. (2023), financial planning enables stakeholders to achieve financial goals. Based on the class readings, long-term and short-term planning are the two main activities of the financial planning process. As a clinical analyst, long-term planning will include laying out financial actions over a two-to-ten-year period. Strategic planning will allow me to develop long-term roadmaps for my workplace. For instance, I will develop a long-term initiative to update technology infrastructure and expand certain service lines. This action will include developing an outpatient cancer center, which needs a comprehensive budget for clinical pathways, service integration, and other oncology-related costs. Therefore, long-term plans will ensure I develop budgets to expand the organization’s service lines.

In addition, short-term financial plans have also been impactful in my career. Short-term financial plans are also known as operating plans. These plans entail financial actions and their anticipated effects over one or two years. According to the readings, short-term plans are informed by strategic financial plans. In this regard, I will review my long-term plans while formulating short-term goals. Healthcare budgets include an evaluation of departmental needs (Liebler & McConnell, 2020). For this reason, I will use short-term financial plans to determine the operating budget for the outpatient department over 1-2 years. The annual budget will include determining training funds and setting staffing levels for the hospital. If gaps in either area are determined, I will prioritize the most critical capabilities to ensure the facility attains quality care under tight budgets.

Fourth:

Before we start discussing long/short-term financial planning, we need to define financial planning. According to Courage (2023) “A financial plan is a document that details a person’s current financial circumstances and their short- and long-term monetary goals.” A financial plan can help you to establish and plan for fundamental needs, such as managing life’s risks, income and spending, and debt reduction. Also, this can provide financial guidance so that you’re prepared to meet your obligations and objectives. It can also help you track your progress throughout the years toward financial well-being. Also, according to Walker (2021) “Time frame planning, where you draw up goals and plans covering a specified future period, is a useful way to chart your financial progress.”

Long-term financial planning involves setting goals for the future and creating a strategy to achieve them. This may include saving for retirement, investing in assets, and planning for major life events such as buying a home or sending children to college. Long-term financial planning can help you build wealth, reduce financial stress, and ensure financial security in the future.

On the other hand, short-term financial planning focuses on managing your day-to-day finances and making decisions that will have an immediate impact on your financial well-being. This may include creating a budget, paying off debt, and saving for emergencies or short-term goals. Short-term financial planning can help you maintain financial stability and make progress toward your long-term goals.

Nevertheless, both long- and short-term financial planning are essential for achieving financial success. By balancing your short-term needs with your long-term goals, you can create a financial plan that helps you reach your objectives and maintain financial stability.

ASC 202: INTRODUCTION TO POLITICAL SCIENCE

May 22, 2024/0 Comments/in Writing /by bonniejecinta

QUESTION

pls make no high plagiarism and no AI

COLLEGE OF EDUCATION CEDU

RESEARCH BASED ASSIGNMENT

Ms. Karoline Molaeb

GUIDELINES:

1. SUBMIT YOUR ANSWERS THROUGH PORTAL FIRST ( TO MAKE SURE THERE HAS BEEN NO PLAIGARISM)

2. Put your course code (full)

3. PRINT YOUR DOCUMENT AND SUBMIT IT TO ME BY HAND WITHIN THE DEADLINE

4. ONLY PRINTED AND SUBMITTED DOCUMENTS WILL BE GRADED

5. DON’T EXCEED COUNT LIMIT

6. WRITE YOUR NAME AND ID CLEALY

7. NAME THE DOCUMENT BY YOUR UNIVERSITY IDs

8. SUBMIT ON TIME

9. DON’T USE AI

10. ANY PLAGIARIZED SUBMISSION IS A ZERO

CASE STUDY:

Sweden (Social Democracy):

Sweden, located in Northern Europe, is renowned for its social democratic model characterized by a robust welfare state and extensive government intervention in the economy. The Swedish Social Democratic Party (SAP), founded in 1889, has played a central role in shaping the country’s political landscape. After World War II, Sweden embarked on an ambitious path of social reforms under Prime Minister Tage Erlander, implementing policies such as universal healthcare, comprehensive education, and generous social benefits.

The Swedish model emphasizes equality, social cohesion, and collective responsibility. High taxes fund expansive social programs, ensuring access to healthcare, education, childcare, and unemployment benefits for all citizens. The labor market is characterized by strong unionization, collective bargaining, and a commitment to gender equality.

Despite its success, Sweden faces challenges such as demographic shifts, immigration integration, and fiscal sustainability. In recent years, debates have emerged regarding the efficiency of public services, the role of private sector involvement, and the balance between social protection and economic growth.

United States (Liberalism):

The United States, situated in North America, is a leading proponent of liberalism, emphasizing individual liberty, free markets, and limited government intervention. Rooted in Enlightenment principles, American liberalism traces its origins to the Founding Fathers and the Constitution, which enshrines rights such as freedom of speech, religion, and assembly.

Liberalism in the U.S. has fostered a dynamic economy, technological innovation, and cultural diversity. Free-market capitalism drives entrepreneurship, wealth creation, and global economic dominance. However, the pursuit of individual interests has led to disparities in wealth, healthcare access, and educational opportunities.

American is reflected in the two-party political system, with the Democratic Party advocating for social welfare programs and regulatory oversight, while the Republican Party promotes fiscal conservatism and deregulation. Ideological debates center on issues such as healthcare reform, environmental protection, and social justice.

North Korea (Communism):

North Korea, officially known as the Democratic People’s Republic of Korea (DPRK), is located on the Korean Peninsula in East Asia. Established in 1948 under the leadership of Kim Il-sung, North Korea adopted a communist ideology based on Juche, a doctrine of self-reliance, nationalism, and state control.

Communism in North Korea is characterized by central planning, state ownership of the means of production, and strict government control over all aspects of society. The ruling Workers’ Party of Korea (WPK) exercises absolute authority, suppressing dissent, and promoting a cult of personality around the Kim family.

Despite its isolation and economic sanctions, North Korea maintains a highly militarized society and nuclear arsenal, prioritizing defense over economic development. The regime’s human rights abuses, political purges, and pervasive propaganda have drawn international condemnation and scrutiny.

Cuba

Cuba has been a one-party socialist state since Fidel Castro seized power in 1959. It depended on Soviet aid until the collapse of the USSR in 1991. Today, Cuba is still ruled by a Castro — Fidel’s brother Raul took over in 2008 at the age of 76. Raul has introduced essential economic reforms, allowing private enterprise to develop, but is determined to ensure that Cuba remains a socialist country.

Socialism has ensured full employment and delivered a health service with one of the highest ratios of doctors to population in the world. However, poverty is widespread, partly as a result of US economic sanctions, and even doctors are forced to supplement their meagre incomes by taking on other jobs, such as driving taxis at night. The Cuban economy and social services are hugely dependent on aid from Venezuela and the bloated public sector is notorious for encouraging waste and corruption — a guaranteed job provides little incentive to work hard, and often underpaid workers supplement their income by stealing work supplies and selling them on the black market. Raul Castro is due to retire in 2018, so at that point Cuba will face a crossroads — will it continue to cling to socialism, struggling along with microeconomic reforms which allow a limited private sector to exist, or will it embrace capitalism, potentially reaping large economic benefits but abandoning its ideology and revolutionary heritage?

China

China has been under Communist Party control since 1949, when Mao Tse-Tung led the party to victory in the civil war. Maoism was a uniquely Chinese ideology aimed at developing socialism within the peasantry rather than the proletariat, as China lacked an urban proletariat. Mao’s Great Leap Forward was a failed attempt to modernise agriculture and industry using a rural commune system, causing a famine in which some 20 million people died. In the late-1960s, Chinese society was rocked by the Cultural Revolution, which saw Mao imposing his authority on the country and encouraging the victimisation of ‘liberal elites’ within the Communist Party.

Following Mao’s death in 1976, China’s leaders changed direction. Private enterprise was encouraged and China regularly enjoyed growth rates of more than 10% in the 1990s and 2000s. Today, much of China remains rural and poor, but more than 1 million Chinese are millionaires and China is the second-biggest economy in the world.

However, capitalism has not been allowed to operate unchecked in China. It is directed by the state, which also owns many companies. The Communist Party has also made it clear that, while it is willing to allow economic liberalisation, it will not tolerate political dissent. The 1989 Tiananmen Square massacre of protesting students, China’s treatment of Tibet, and the massive internet censorship imposed by the Great Firewall of China, all show that human rights are routinely ignored in order to ensure stability.

China’s new premier took power in 2012 and faces various challenges. The country’s growth rate is currently 7.5%, high by global standards but disappointing compared to the eye-wateringly high rates which the Chinese have become accustomed to. China’s one child policy has produced an ageing population that will need to be paid for and a shortage of women, which affects Chinese men looking for wives. The Communist Party will be most worried by the widespread frustration with the repressive nature of politics and society, and the growing anger about endemic corruption within government at a local and national level. If the Chinese leadership cannot maintain brisk economic growth then calls for political reform could grow even more strident.

After reading the case studies answer the below questions

1. Analyse the positives and negatives of socialism and its branches in Cuba, China, and North Korea (three for each at least). Include examples from the text. Examine why is China the most successful of the three socialist countries? (Discuss origin of communism in China and the way it was modified to adapt to the modern world) 250 WORDS NOT MORE ( 10PTS) use updated latest information -2023-2024

2. Compare and contrast the social welfare systems in Sweden and the United States, considering factors such as healthcare, education, and unemployment benefits. Discuss how each country’s ideological framework influences the design and effectiveness of their social welfare programs. 250 WORDS NOT MORE ( 10PTS) use updated latest information -2023-2024

3. In your opinion what is the most successful ideology which was discussed in class and why (? Give specific country examples (at least three). ( 10 PTS) use updated latest information -2023-2024

250 WORDS NOT MOREASC 202: INTRODUCTION TO POLITICAL SCIENCE

COLLEGE OF EDUCATION CEDU

RESEARCH BASED ASSIGNMENT

Ms. Karoline Molaeb

GUIDELINES:

1. SUBMIT YOUR ANSWERS THROUGH PORTAL FIRST ( TO MAKE SURE THERE HAS BEEN NO PLAIGARISM)

2. Put your course code (full)

3. PRINT YOUR DOCUMENT AND SUBMIT IT TO ME BY HAND WITHIN THE DEADLINE

4. ONLY PRINTED AND SUBMITTED DOCUMENTS WILL BE GRADED

5. DON’T EXCEED COUNT LIMIT

6. WRITE YOUR NAME AND ID CLEALY

7. NAME THE DOCUMENT BY YOUR UNIVERSITY IDs

8. SUBMIT ON TIME

9. DON’T USE AI

10. ANY PLAGIARIZED SUBMISSION IS A ZERO

CASE STUDY:

Sweden (Social Democracy):

United States (Liberalism):

North Korea (Communism):

Cuba

China

After reading the case studies answer the below questions

3. In your opinion what is the most successful ideology which was discussed in class and why (? Give specific country examples (at least three). ( 10 PTS) use updated latest information -2023-2024

LEADERSHIP THEORIES IN PRACTICE

May 22, 2024/0 Comments/in Writing /by bonniejecinta

QUESTION

LEADERSHIP THEORIES IN PRACTICE

A walk through the Business section of any bookstore or a quick Internet search on the topic will reveal a seemingly endless supply of writings on leadership. Formal research literature is also teeming with volumes on the subject.

However, your own observation and experiences may suggest these theories are not always so easily found in practice. Not that the potential isn’t there; current evidence suggests that leadership factors such as emotional intelligence and transformational leadership behaviors, for example, can be highly effective for leading nurses and organizations.

Yet, how well are these theories put to practice? In this Discussion, you will examine formal leadership theories. You will compare these theories to behaviors you have observed firsthand and discuss their effectiveness in impacting your organization.

To Prepare:

Review the Resources and examine the leadership theories and behaviors introduced.

Identify two to three scholarly resources, in addition to this Module’s readings, that evaluate the impact of leadership behaviors in creating healthy work environments.

Reflect on the leadership behaviors presented in the three resources that you selected for review.
Post two key insights you had from the scholarly resources you selected. Describe a leader whom you have seen use such behaviors and skills, or a situation where you have seen these behaviors and skills used in practice. Be specific and provide examples. Then, explain to what extent these skills were effective and how their practice impacted the workplace.
REQUIRED READING

Broome, M., & Marshall, E. S. (2021). Transformational leadership in nursing: From expert clinician to influential leader (3rd ed.). New York, NY: Springer.

Chapter 1, “Frameworks for Becoming a Transformational Leader” (pp. 2–19 ONLY)

Chapter 6, “Shaping Your Own Leadership Journey” (pp. 182-211)

Chan, R. J., Knowles, R., Hunter, S., Conroy, T., Tieu, M., & Kitson, A. (2023). From evidence-based practice to knowledge translation: What is the difference? What are the roles of nurse leaders?

Links to an external site.

Seminars in Oncology Nursing, 39(1). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soncn.2022.1513

SECOND PAPER
M. A. C
Introduction
In our evolving healthcare, integrated care has emerged as a critical approach to address the complex needs of patients with various psychological and physical health challenges.
Insights from Scholarly Resources

Neville K. et al. (2020) provided a profound insight into the necessity of interprofessional collaboration within integrated care settings. The study highlighted that healthcare leaders must foster an environment where different professionals can work synergistically, transcending traditional disciplinary boundaries. Such collaboration is not only essential for patient-centered care but also for the professional development of the healthcare staff.

Valentijn P. et al. (2013) emphasized the importance of person-centered leadership grounded in empathy and a deep understanding of individual patient needs. This approach involves engaging patients as active participants in their care, which can lead to improved health outcomes and patient satisfaction.

Application of Leadership Skills at HH Treatment Center

As the Vice President of HH Treatment Center, Williams embodies the leadership qualities and behaviors outlined in the scholarly resources. A solid commitment to interpersonal collaboration and person-centered care characterizes her approach to leadership.

One specific example of William’s leadership is her initiative to implement regular interdisciplinary case conferences(Broyles L et al., 2013). These meetings included professionals from various specialties within the healthcare team, such as physicians, nurses, social workers, and mental health counselors. In these conferences, team members discussed patient cases in depth, sharing their unique perspectives and formulating comprehensive care plans. This practice enhanced the quality of patient care and created a learning environment where staff could gain insights from each other’s expertise.

Another example of William’s person-centered leadership is her involvement in patient feedback sessions (Stanhope V. et al.,2015). She ensures that patients’ voices are heard and acted upon, leading to tangible changes in care delivery. For instance, based on patient suggestions, Williams facilitates redesigning the treatment center’s communal spaces to be more welcoming and therapeutic. This change increased patient engagement and created a more positive atmosphere throughout the center.

Effectiveness and Impact of Leadership Practices

The improved clinical outcomes and the increased satisfaction among both patients and staff can measure the effectiveness of William’s leadership skills. Under her leadership, HH Treatment Center reported higher treatment adherence rates and decreased hospital readmissions. Additionally, staff turnover decreased, indicating a more satisfied and committed workforce (www.oaksintegratedcare.org)

Applying the insights from Neville, K. et al. (2020) and Valentijn, P. et al. (2013) within the context of HH treatment centers illustrates the positive impact of collaborative and person-centered leadership in an integrated care environment. William’s leadership fosters a culture of mutual respect and continual learning, benefiting patients and empowering staff members to perform at their best.

Conclusion

The scholarly resources provided a theoretical framework through the leadership of Williams at HH Treatment Center. Her ability to incorporate interprofessional collaboration and person-centered care has significantly improved patient care.

References

Broyles, L. M., Conley, J. W., Harding Jr, J. D., & Gordon, A. J. (2013). A scoping review of interdisciplinary collaboration in addictions education and training. Journal of addictions nursing, 24(1), 29-36.

Neville, K., & Foley, M. (2020). The economic impact of the opioid use disorder epidemic in America: Nurses’Nurses’ call to action. Nursing Economics, 38(1), 7–51.

Stanhope, V., Tondora, J., Davidson, L., Choy-Brown, M., & Marcus, S. C. (2015). Person-centered care planning and service engagement: a study protocol for a randomized controlled trial. Trials, 16, 1-11.

Valentijn, P. P., Schepman, S. M., Opheij, W., & Bruijnzeels, M. A. (2013). Understanding integrated care: a comprehensive conceptual framework based on the integrative functions of primary care. International journal of integrated care, 13.

www.oaksintegrated care.or

Response 2

Marlyn Diaz

Introduction

According to the American Nursing Association (2023), they act as role models and influence their healthcare organizations at all levels. Nurse leaders can motivate their coworkers, set a tone for safety, create a cordial work environment, and increase morale and job retention. A Nurse leader is best identified by their actions instead of their position in an organization. “Leaders in nursing inspire and influence others to achieve their maximum potential.” There are different styles of leadership that a nurse leader may elect to deliver with the team. The three main leadership styles will be discussed in this post, along with a QUESTION of a leader I have encountered with such styles or behaviors.

Leadership Styles

Singh & Alomari (2023) state that the three main leadership styles are transformational, transactional, and autocratic. These leadership styles “focused on people management that play a significant role in determining desired outcomes.” The transformational leadership style empowers the followers by giving them a sense of autonomy and responsibility; therefore, commitment and efficiency will increase. Transformational leaders must have the skills to facilitate growth and transform evidence into practice. According to Specchia et al., transformational style positively correlates with nurses’ job satisfaction (2021). The second type of leadership is the transactional style. This type of leadership is best employed during a high-stress situation for the employees, and their basic needs must be met (Singh & Alomari, 2023). These leaders motivate employees with rewards and punishment “for achieving or failing to achieve” the organization’s demands. Specchia et al. highlight that this type of leadership does not foster trust between the followers and the leader (2021). The last type of leadership discussed here is the autocratic style. This is an authoritarian type of leadership in which the employees are discouraged from apportioning any input (Singh & Alomari, 2023). This style is highly structured, and staff must be considered competent enough to provide adequate input. For this reason, low team morale and nursing resentment are typical outcomes. This can lead to poor nursing performance, patient care, and patient outcomes.

Types of Leaderships Encountered

In the current organization I am working for, I have encountered these three types of leadership. Depending on the situation, my manager has displayed these three types of leadership. Overall, the administration tries to follow a transformational style of leadership where the staff nursing input is considered to improve morale, working conditions, and patient care. During our quarterly meetings, our manager will discuss topics with the team, such as increased nurse burnout due to short-staffing, and ask for input on what can be done to help us. Some inputs discussed, such as having a CAN in the unit when acuity is high to help care, were employed immediately. This made the team feel heard and supported, and work morale improved. Other times, leadership has been autocratic, such as when the staff wanted to update the current vacation requests and grants rules. Management would not hear any input and stated that nothing could be done. Staff continue to be dissatisfied because it is challenging to approve your vacation request if you have no seniority. It goes to them if someone with seniority requests the exact dates as you. Therefore, there is no guarantee that you will get any PTO approved. There have been times when leadership has been transactional. Again, during the short staffing period, they would offer incentives to have nurses pick up extra shifts. This resulted in neutral feelings as it was optional for nurses to pick up.

Conclusion

Three types of leadership are most used in nursing. According to Specchia et al. (2021), the ideal leadership style for nursing is transformative, as the leader welcomes input from staff and not only supports but empowers staff to be autonomous (Singh & Alomari, 2023). In my organization, management has utilized these three types of leadership depending on the situation. Given the staff’s response to these leadership styles, transformative is the most welcomed by staff.

References

American Nursing Association. (2023). Leadership in nursing: Qualities & why it matters. https://www.nursingworld.org/content-hub/resources…

Links to an external site.

Singh, K., & Alomari, A. (2023). Leadership styles and transformational leadership skills among nurse leaders in Qatar, a cross?sectional study. Nursing Open, 10(6), 3440-3446. https://doi.org/10.1002/nop2.1636

Specchia, M. L., Cozzolino, M. R., Carini, E., Pilla, A. D., Galletti, C., Ricciardi, W., & Damiani, G. (2021). Leadership Styles and Nurses’ Job Satisfaction. Results of a Systematic Review. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18(4). https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18041552

S.M R

Introduction

Effective leadership plays a crucial role in shaping the quality of care and overall performance in healthcare settings. Through insights gleaned from scholarly research, two primary aspects of leadership emerge: the influence of leadership style on quality of care measures and the significance of leadership effectiveness in healthcare (Broome & Marshall, 2021). By evaluating the effectiveness of these leadership approaches through real-life experiences, we can gain and highlight the importance of adept leadership in fostering positive outcomes and cultivating a conducive work environment in healthcare settings.

Key Insights

The scholarly resources I selected shed light on two key insights regarding leadership in healthcare settings. Firstly, Sfantou et al.’s (2017) systematic review emphasizes the pivotal role of leadership style in influencing the quality of care measures. This study highlights the direct correlation between leadership approach and various aspects of care delivery, including patient outcomes, safety, and satisfaction. Effective leadership styles, particularly transformational leadership, are associated with improved quality of care and organizational performance, underscoring the significance of leadership in shaping the healthcare environment.

Secondly, Restivo et al.’s (2022) systematic review and meta-analysis underscore the importance of leadership effectiveness in healthcare. The synthesis of evidence from diverse studies demonstrates a positive association between effective leadership and healthcare outcomes, including patient care, staff satisfaction, and organizational performance. Effective leaders exhibit key characteristics such as vision, communication skills, team building, and strategic decision-making, contributing to enhanced patient care quality and safety. These insights highlight the critical role of leadership in driving positive outcomes in healthcare settings and emphasize the need for investing in leadership development initiatives to foster a culture of effective leadership and improve the overall quality of care.

Leadership Examples

For my selected leader, I chose a charge nurse named Brian, with whom I used to work in the emergency department. Brian is an astounding leader and demonstrates these identified skills. He epitomized transformational leadership qualities in the face of challenging and dynamic situations. One particular incident that showcased Brian’s leadership occurred during a busy weekend shift when the ED experienced an abnormal surge of patients due to the closing down of a nearby hospital. In addition to this, we were also short-staffed that day. Despite the chaos and high-stress environment, Brian remained calm, composed, and focused on ensuring the smooth operation of the department while delivering quality patient care.

Firstly, he demonstrated exemplary communication skills by swiftly coordinating with the ED team to triage and prioritize patients based on the severity of their injuries. He effectively delegated tasks to nurses, physicians, and support staff, ensuring everyone understood their roles and responsibilities (Restivo et al., 2022). Secondly, he exhibited flexibility and adaptability in his leadership approach. Recognizing the need for additional resources and staff, he made the difficult decision to go on diversion after acknowledging the staff would not be able to provide efficient and safe care if more patients came in and acknowledging that management and administration could not provide us with additional staff. Brian was able to lead by example by actively participating in patient care activities alongside his team members. He also remained positive despite the critical circumstances we were all under. He remained visible and accessible throughout the shift, offering guidance, support, and reassurance to staff members experiencing heightened stress and fatigue (Sfantou et al., 2017).

Skill Effectiveness and Implementation Into the Workplace

As a result of Brian’s transformational leadership, the ED team successfully managed the surge of patients with efficiency and effectiveness. Despite the overwhelming workload, morale remained high, and staff members felt supported and empowered to deliver optimal care under challenging circumstances. Additionally, Brian’s leadership during the crisis fostered a sense of camaraderie and unity within the ED team. The experience catalyzed collaboration, innovation, and continuous improvement as team members recognized the importance of working together cohesively to overcome adversity and deliver outstanding patient care (Restivo et al., 2022). Brian’s adept utilization of transformational leadership behaviors and skills proved instrumental in navigating the challenges of a short-staffed, busy day and fostering resilience and teamwork within the emergency department. His ability to inspire, empower, and lead by example exemplifies the transformative impact of effective leadership in high-pressure healthcare environments.

Conclusion

In conclusion, exploring leadership in healthcare settings underscores leaders’ critical role in shaping organizational dynamics and patient care outcomes. The insights from scholarly research emphasize the significance of leadership style and effectiveness in driving positive change and fostering a conducive work environment. Specific examples illustrated how adept leadership behaviors and skills, such as transformational leadership and effective communication, can improve the quality of care, staff morale, and organizational performance.

Technique of counseling

May 22, 2024/0 Comments/in Writing /by bonniejecinta

QUESTION

Respond using and cite from text attached

Shakir:Week 2 – Case Conceptualization

Client and Theory:

Dale and Person-Centered Theory

Presenting Problem:

Dale, 52 years old, White male, prison guard, ex-police officer, divorced, estranged father of an adult son, currently married, exhibits racist views and actions. In mandated therapy by the employer. His beliefs and actions are causing hardships for him in both his professional and personal life.

Hypothesis:

The client is living incongruently to his abilities and it’s creating difficulties in various aspects of his life. The client’s life has been shaped by a desire to please those around him, especially his father. This acceptance of the parents’ negative social ideology and discriminatory constructs during his formative years, are incongruent to his innate self. Congruent individuals are those who trust their view of the world and trust their basic positive nature (Hazler, 2022).

The client is demonstrating his true desire to assist others, through the examples of his employment selections, as both a police and correctional officer. Through self-actualization of the person-centered theory the client can begin to hone in on his inner resources to take fundamental steps towards a positive congruent shift. Self-actualizing has the ability to create positive development in people (Hazler,2022). The client’s life has arrived at a point, where he is now being forced to explore, reflect and create change.

Treatment Goals:

The goals for the client will be to join and assist him as he explores the roots of his anger, prejudices and discriminating actions. Reflecting upon past decisions has the ability to allow him to immerse into a state of self-actualization. Self-actualization is the driving force in the positive development of the individual. It propels the individual away from the control of others and towards autonomy (Hazler, 2022). Through these steps, the client will begin to explore inwardly without the inherited beliefs that have caused tremendous turbulence within his life.

According to the person-centered theory, everyone has the ability to learn, adjust and grow in positive directions (Hazler, 2022). The client has the chance to course correct his past aggressions, to possibly gain trust and admiration from not only his peers, but his son.

Intervention / Techniques:

The intervention methods used in this case conceptualization will be aligned with the Person-Centered theory.

Intervention 1: Active Listening

Active listening in a counseling session delivers empathy for the client by being attentive and compassionately listening (Hazler, 2022). This approach would deliver a positive therapeutic alliance, which would assist the client with relaxing, trusting and begin the process of revealing his inner self, thoughts and ideas. Dale would greatly benefit from having an active listener, due to the immense pressure is receiving from his external world. His professional career is in jeopardy as a result of his actions.

Intervention 2: Reflection of Content and Feelings

The primary steps in extending empathy within a session are recognition and reflection of the actual words and feelings being shown by the client (Hazler, 2022). These steps will allow for recognizing the body language and feelings that Dale has compartmentalized or has made an attempt to express in possibly negative actions.

I would like to guide the client to reflect upon his innermost feelings about being a parent, and of his current estranged relationship with his son. The possible reflection of a loved one has the ability to allow the client to reach his sincerest essence as a person. While allowing the client to be open and vulnerable, can allow the work to go beyond his overall persona. As stated, “At its most powerful, reflection can also bring together complex elements of the client’s world that draw a much more accurate picture of the client as a whole than the individual elements provide separately” (Hazler, 2022).

Expected Outcome:

The goal in utilizing the person-centered theory with the client, is to provide empathy as the client sets out to explore his inner self. Since this work can be challenging for this client, it’s important to express encouragement through active listening and being aware of the physical movements that may occur. “Counselors who accurately reflect content and feelings act like a mirror by helping clients see what they are expressing so that clients can revise and expand perceptions of themselves based on counselor reflections” (Hazler, 2022).

The expected outcome after aligning with the person-centered theory, the client will begin to shift towards self-actualization. This would prove to provide significant breakthroughs within the client’s life. These changes will allow Dale the opportunity to define his own reality and become more aware of his former self. The participation in self-actualization can move individuals away from the constructed thoughts, beliefs and control of others, and move them towards self-determination (Hazler, 2022). The outcome should demonstrate unique momentum towards being a more balanced, caring and loving individual.

References:

Hazler, R. (2022). Adlerian theory. In D. Capuzzi & M. D. Stauffer (Eds.), Counseling and psychotherapy: Theories and interventions (7th ed., pp. 139-160). American Counseling Association

response 2 Lindsay:

Case of Anna Johnson: Person-Centered Theory

Presenting Problem: “The client’s mom Ms. Johnson contacted [Behavioral Health Services of Virginia] seeking mental health assistance and intervention for their child Anna Johnson. The client is a single 12-year-old Latino female living in a nuclear family with 1 brother and 1 sister. The client is attending experiencing Tuckahoe Middle School in the 6th grade. The client currently does not have an Individual Education Plan but has a school counselor. The client has not had services before the conceptualization. The client is showing signs of Anxiety, depression, and ADHD but has potential signs of Autism as well. The signs for both disorders closely co-exist interchangeably and the speculation from the mother includes that the client is having anger outbursts, shuts down, and is having a delay in social skills. The mother also states that Anna is on Adderall XR 10mg and she needs new medication since the new Adderall medication isn’t working and she believes that the medication is not helping manage the symptoms. The mother also reports that Anna is pacing, needs constant prompting socially, and needs to be watched” (Chambers, 2024).

Hypothesis:

“The client has also shown symptoms of anxiety and depression according to her mom as well as lack of eye contact, negative thoughts, lack of engagement with the siblings and other family members, lack of speaking, and body language that indicates discomfort such as arms crossed, zoning out, and having to be prompted 2-3x daily every month by teachers as well as friends according to the mother”(Chambers, 2024). Anna’s mom explains that Anna is constantly doubting herself as she handles challenges in her life. Anna’s mom believes she may be suffering from self-esteem problems from social media as well as social comparison. Ms. Johnson explained how she believes that Anna has body dysmorphia and is always being critical to herself. Anna believes she has low self-esteem and self-image due to bullying as well as not doing well in school, so she said that it makes her lack confidence in herself. Ms. Johnson suggests that the issue is that “school makes her feel like she isn’t smart when in reality she is and she isn’t aware of this. However, I believe Anna is not only good at school, but is a very intelligent person although she just isn’t very self-aware as well as she has trouble expressing herself and seeing that potential and growth within her. Ms. Johnson believes that Anna doesn’t recognize herself as a motivated person. Anna believes that she lacks the ability to improve, to trust herself, and the capability to change how she views herself to benefit her well-being. According to Hazler (2022), The first principle [of a person-centered perception] is “to treat clients as trustworthy, or there will be no reason to allow them to take a leadership role in the helping relationship”. Ms. Johnson claims that Anna needs some self-direction and needs to be deeply heard by the counselor to improve the quest of her quality of life and to help Anna trust in herself. The second principle emphasizes that self-actualization is the “driving force in the positive development of the individual. It clearly moves the individual away from control by others based on conditions of worth and toward autonomy and self-control.” (Hazler, 2022). Anna can improve her life with confidence most importantly within herself but also through the eyes of a counselor and support from her family and friends. However, Anna believes that she has to constantly meet her mother’s expectations as they are very high for her especially when it comes to her making friends and doing well in school which makes it hard for her to accept all aspects of herself, especially success. Anna fears that she will never be able to come to terms with herself in a positive light and that she will continue to be depressed about school and not connecting with herself and others.

Goals:

The main goal for Anna is to achieve congruence. What this goal means is that “Individuals can and must rely on themselves for direction and strength” (Hazler, 2022). Anna has ideas about herself that are very negative which impacts the way she views the world as well as her traits. Anna and her family are working on trying to better herself and showing Anna that she can handle life obstacles on her own and that she is going to need to make decisions even though she might not like it because that is what comes with growth. Anna has to learn to use these skills to manage and maintain her well-being, so she does not fall into depression repeatedly. Anna’s goal is that she wants to get help and obtain a better self-image instead of being insecure and nervous. Anna’s mother wants Anna to least appear to others that she is secure within herself and eventually work towards loving herself. However, Anna is embarrassed that her mom is forcing her to pretend that she is okay with others and would desire to work with a therapist on not judging herself, meeting her goals, and improving her own personality traits without the opinions of others to pave the way for her (specifically her mother) but to talk to someone about the issues and have them trust that she can find her own way. “[Congruence] begins with the counselor demonstrating trust in [Anna’s words], values, and ability to make productive decisions. Rather than trying to “show her the way,” the counselor will trust in her ability to find the better way and will be her professional companion along the way even as she makes missteps and then works to adjust them. Through active listening, demonstrating empathy, showing understanding, and recognizing the difficulties” (Hazler, 2022).

Intervention/Techniques:

Intervention 1: The intervention method that would be beneficial would be Genuineness and Self-Disclosure. Using this intervention can be helpful because the counselor “will work with her situation, see her inner strength, trust in her willingness and ability to move in positive directions”, “The result is an environment that is supportive of the potential for progress and striving for more self-actualization” (Hazler, 2022). I believe this might be a useful approach because it focuses on how to encourage the client even when situations can be frustrating, which is helpful to Anna when she shuts down. Anna needs to be comfortable discussing her internal conflicts as well as having someone help her stay positive during a hard time. It would be beneficial for Anna’s growth because she would have to face the reality that with her disorders, she would have to work extra hard on how to be more in tune with her thought processes. Anna’s family has provided Anna with constructive criticism and is continuing to do so that way Anna can know that she is struggling and needs extra guidance because sometimes she is not as self-aware as she and others would like her to be (Chambers, 2024).

Intervention 2: Another intervention that would be beneficial for Anna would be Active Listening. “After putting themselves in the best possible position to listen, counselors must then hear and see what is communicated by words and action to turn the bits and pieces into a holistic picture” (Hazler, 2022). The idea is to always have a good listening ear to be able to gather as much information as possible to see how one can approach the situation at hand. I believe this might be a useful approach because Anna doesn’t feel heard by her mother and so this technique could encourage her to be more open with her problems (because her mother problem-solves and makes decisions for her and doesn’t allow her to just vent). The counselor can then reflect on what was said, give thought-provoking follow-up questions to Anna, and then point out to Anna some patterns within her behavior so that Anna can then make a decision based off the feedback and hopefully become more capable of self-improvement.

Expected Outcome:

The goal of person-centered therapyis so that the “individual is working together for the purpose of self-actualization growth rather than towards overcoming the illness” (Hazler, 2022). Anna hopefully will take away from the session that she is able to see her own strengths and trust in herself as well as also be able to engage in more social behaviors that help with her ADHD, anxiety, depression, and potential Autism. The main goal is for Anna to reach a point where she feels as if she can understand her problem areas as well as learn a solution-focused way to help herself in a positive light. The person-centered approach emphasizes a belief that this ability to grow in positive directions is available to everyone” (Hazler, 2022).

NURS-FPX4040: Managing Health Information and Technology

May 22, 2024/0 Comments/in Health Medical /by bonniejecinta

QUESTION

Assessment 04 –

Informatics and Nursing-Sensitive Quality Indicators

For this assessment, you will prepare an 8–10 minute audio training tutorial (video is optional)for new nurses on the importance of nursing-sensitive quality indicators.Before you complete the detailed instructions in the courseroom, first review the Nursing-Sensitive Quality Indicators below and select the one you’re most interested in. NursingSensitive Quality Indicators reflect the structure, process, and patient outcomes of nursing careNursing-Sensitive Quality Indicators are developed by identifying potential indicators that reflectnursing care and are not represented by current indicators, performing a literature review, anddetermining the validity of the potential indicator in nursing practice. After you select one of the Nursing-Sensitive Quality Indicators below, return to the courseroom to review the detailed instructions and complete your assessment.

CHOSEN TOPIC: Central-line-associated Bloodstream Infections–Outcome.

Introduction

The focus of Assessment 4 is on how informatics support monitoring of nursing-sensitive quality indicator data. You will develop an 8–10 minute audio (or video) training module to orient new nurses in a workplace to a single nursing-sensitive quality indicator critical to the organization. Your recording will address how data are collected and disseminated across the organization along with the nurses’ role in supporting accurate reporting and high quality results.

Professional Context

The American Nursing Association (ANA) established the National Database of Nursing Quality Indicators (NDNQI®) in 1998 to track and report on quality indicators heavily influenced by nursing action.

NDNQI® was established as a standardized approach to evaluating nursing performance in relation to patient outcomes. It provides a database and quality measurement program to track clinical performance and to compare nursing quality measures against other hospital data at the national, regional, and state levels. Nursing-sensitive quality indicators help establish evidence-based practice guidelines in the inpatient and outpatient settings to enhance quality care outcomes and initiate quality improvement educational programs, outreach, and protocol development.

The quality indicators the NDNQI® monitors are organized into three categories: structure, process, and outcome. Theorist Avedis Donabedian first identified these categories. Donabedian’s theory of quality health care focused on the links between quality outcomes and the structures and processes of care (Grove et al., 2018).

Nurses must be knowledgeable about the indicators their workplaces monitor. Some nurses deliver direct patient care that leads to a monitored outcome. Other nurses may be involved in data collection and analysis. In addition, monitoring organizations, including managed care entities, exist to gather data from individual organizations to analyze overall industry quality. All of these roles are important to advance quality and safety outcomes.

Reference

Grove, S. K., Gray, J. R., Jay, G. W., Jay, H. M., & Burns, N. (2018). Understanding nursing research: Building an evidence-based practice (7th ed.). Elsevier.

Preparation

As you begin to prepare this assessment you are encouraged to complete the Donabedian Quality Assessment Framework activity. Quality health care delivery requires systematic action. Completion of this will help you succeed with the assessment as you consider how the triad of structure (such as the hospital, clinic, provider qualifications/organizational characteristics) and process (such as the delivery/coordination/education/protocols/practice style or standard of care) may be modified to achieve quality outcomes.

This assessment requires you to prepare an 8–10 minute audio training tutorial (with optional video) for new nurses on the importance of nursing-sensitive quality indicators. To successfully prepare for your assessment, you will need to complete the following preparatory activities:

Review the nursing-sensitive quality indicators presented in the Assessment 04 Supplement: Informatics and Nursing Sensitive quality Indicators [PDF]

Download Assessment 04 Supplement: Informatics and Nursing Sensitive quality Indicators [PDF]

resource and select one nursing-sensitive quality indicator to use as the focus for this assessment.

Conduct independent research on the most current information about the selected nursing-sensitive quality indicator.

Interview a professional colleague or contact who is familiar with quality monitoring and how technology can help to collect and report quality indicator data. You do not need to submit the transcript of your conversation, but do integrate what you learned from the interview into the audio tutorial. Consider these questions for your interview:

What is your experience with collecting data and entering it into a database?

What challenges have you experienced?

How does your organization share with the nursing staff and other members of the health care system the quality improvement monitoring results?

What role do bedside nurses and other frontline staff have in entering the data? For example, do staff members enter the information into an electronic medical record for extraction? Or do they enter it into another system? How effective is this process?

Watch the Informatics and Nursing-Sensitive Quality Indicators Video Exemplar.
Recording Your Presentation
To prepare to record the audio for your presentation, complete the following:

Set up and test your microphone or headset using the installation instructions provided by the manufacturer. You only need to use the headset if your audio is not clear and high quality when captured by the microphone.

Practice using the equipment to ensure the audio quality is sufficient.
Review Using Kaltura for Kaltura to record your presentation.
View Creating a Presentation: A Guide to Writing and Speaking. This video addresses the primary areas involved in creating effective audiovisual presentations. You can return to this resource throughout the process of creating your presentation to view the tutorial appropriate for you at each stage.
Notes:
You may use other tools to record your tutorial. You will, however, need to consult Using Kaltura for instructions on how to upload your audio-recorded tutorial into the courseroom, or you must provide a working link your instructor can easily access.

You may also choose to create a video of your tutorial, but this is not required.

If you require the use of assistive technology or alternative communication methods to participate in this activity, please contact DisabilityServices@Capella.edu to request accommodations.

Instructions

For this assessment, first review the nursing-sensitive quality indicators presented in the Assessment 04 Supplement: Informatics and Nursing Sensitive quality Indicators [PDF]

Download Assessment 04 Supplement: Informatics and Nursing Sensitive quality Indicators [PDF]
resource and select one nursing-sensitive quality indicator to use as the focus for this assessment.
Next, imagine you are a member of a Quality Improvement Council at any type of health care system, whether acute, ambulatory, home health, managed care, et cetera. Your Council has identified that newly hired nurses would benefit from comprehensive training on the importance of nursing-sensitive quality indicators. The Council would like the training to address how this information is collected and disseminated across the organization. It would also like the training to describe the role nurses have in accurate reporting and high-quality results.

The Council indicates a recording is preferable to a written fact sheet due to the popularity of audio blogs. In this way, new hires can listen to the tutorial on their own time using their phone or other device.

As a result of this need, you offer to create an audio tutorial orienting new hires to these topics. You know that you will need a script to guide your audio recording. You also plan to incorporate into your script the insights you learned from conducting an interview with an authority on quality monitoring and the use of technology to collect and report quality indicator data.

You determine that you will cover the following topics in your audio tutorial script:

Introduction: Nursing-Sensitive Quality Indicator

What is the National Database of Nursing-Sensitive Quality Indicators?

What are nursing-sensitive quality indicators?

Which particular quality indicator did you select to address in your tutorial?

Why is this quality indicator important to monitor?
Be sure to address the impact of this indicator on the quality of care and patient safety.

Why do new nurses need to be familiar with this particular quality indicator when providing patient care?

Collection and Distribution of Quality Indicator Data

According to your interview and other resources, how does your organization collect data on this quality indicator?

How does the organization disseminate aggregate data?

What role do nurses play in supporting accurate reporting and high-quality results?

As an example, consider the importance of accurately entering data regarding nursing interventions.

After completing your script, practice delivering your tutorial several times before recording it.

Additional Requirements

Audio communication: Deliver a professional, effective audio tutorial on a selected quality indicator that engages new nurses and motivates them to accurately report quality data in a timely fashion.

Length: 8–10 minute audio recording. Use Kaltura to upload your recording to the courseroom, or provide a working link your instructor can access.

Script: A separate document with the script or speaker’s notes is required. Important: Submissions that do not include the script or speaker’s notes will be returned as a non-performance.

References: Cite a minimum of three scholarly and/or authoritative sources.

APA: Submit, along with the recording, a separate reference page that follows APA style and formatting guidelines. For an APA refresher, consult the Evidence and APA page on Campus.

Competencies Measured

By successfully completing this assessment, you will demonstrate your proficiency in the following course competencies and scoring guide criteria:
Competency 1: Describe nurses’ and the interdisciplinary team’s role in informatics with a focus on electronic health information and patient care technology to support decision making.
Describe the interdisciplinary team’s role in collecting and reporting quality indicator data to enhance patient safety, patient care outcomes, and organizational performance reports.
Competency 3: Evaluate the impact of patient care technologies on desired outcomes.

Explain how a health care organization uses nursing-sensitive quality indicators to enhance patient safety, patient care outcomes, and organizational performance reports.

Competency 4: Recommend the use of a technology to enhance quality and safety standards for patients.
Justify how a nursing-sensitive quality indicator establishes evidence-based practice guidelines for nurses to follow when using patient care technologies to enhance patient safety, satisfaction, and outcomes.

Competency 5: Apply professional, scholarly communication to facilitate use of health information and patient care technologies.

Deliver a professional, effective audio tutorial on a selected quality indicator that engages new nurses and motivates them to accurately report quality data in a timely fashion.

Follow APA style and formatting guidelines for citations and references.
Informatics and Nursing-Sensitive Quality Indicators Scoring Guide
CRITERIA

NON-PERFORMANCE

BASIC

PROFICIENT

DISTINGUISHED

Describe the interdisciplinary team’s role in collecting and reporting quality indicator data to enhance patient safety, patient care outcomes, and organizational performance reports.

Does not describe the interdisciplinary team’s role in collecting and reporting quality indicator data to enhance patient safety, patient care outcomes, and organizational performance reports.
Begins to identify but does not describe the interdisciplinary team’s role in collecting and reporting quality indicator data.
Describes the interdisciplinary team’s role in collecting and reporting quality indicator data to enhance patient safety, patient care outcomes, and organizational performance reports.
Describes in a professional manner the interdisciplinary team’s role in collecting and reporting quality indicator data to enhance patient safety, patient care outcomes, and organizational performance reports. Offers valuable insight into the impact of the interdisciplinary team on data collection.
Explain how a health care organization uses nursing-sensitive quality indicators to enhance patient safety, patient care outcomes, and organizational performance reports.

Does not explain how a health care organization uses nursing-sensitive quality indicators to enhance patient safety, patient care outcomes, and organizational performance reports.

Attempts to explain how a health care organization uses nursing-sensitive quality indicators to enhance patient safety, patient care outcomes, and organizational performance reports.

Explains how a health care organization uses nursing-sensitive quality indicators to enhance patient safety, patient care outcomes, and organizational performance reports.

Provides a comprehensive, professional, and academic explanation for how a health care organization uses nursing-sensitive quality indicators to enhance patient safety, patient care outcomes, and organizational performance reports.

Justify how a nursing-sensitive quality indicator establishes evidence-based practice guidelines for nurses to follow when using patient care technologies to enhance patient safety, satisfaction, and outcomes.

Does not justify how a nursing-sensitive quality indicator establishes evidence-based practice guidelines for nurses to follow when using patient care technologies to enhance patient safety, satisfaction, and outcomes.

Describes but does not justify how a nursing-sensitive quality indicator establishes evidence-based practice guidelines for nurses to follow when using patient care technologies to enhance patient safety, satisfaction, and outcomes.
Justifies how a nursing-sensitive quality indicator establishes evidence-based practice guidelines for nurses to follow when using patient care technologies to enhance patient safety, satisfaction, and outcomes.

Provides a comprehensive and scholarly justification for how a nursing-sensitive quality indicator establishes evidence-based practice guidelines for nurses to follow when using patient care technologies to enhance patient safety, satisfaction, and outcomes.

Deliver a professional, effective audio tutorial on a selected quality indicator that engages new nurses and motivates them to accurately report quality data in a timely fashion.
Does not deliver an audio or a video tutorial with a script or speaker’s notes on a selected quality indicator that engages new nurses and motivates them to accurately report quality data in a timely fashion.

Provides a script or speaker’s notes of a tutorial without audio or video on a selected quality indicator, or the tutorial lacks purpose, coherence, or focus or has technical issues that distract from the presentation.

Delivers a professional and effective audio or video tutorial along with speaker notes on a selected quality indicator that engages new nurses and motivates them to accurately report quality data in a timely fashion. Submission includes a reference list with at least three scholarly references.
Delivers a polished, professional, and effective audio or video tutorial along with speaker notes on a selected quality indicator that engages new nurses and motivates them to accurately report quality data in a timely fashion. Audio or video presentation is appropriate for the audience. Submission includes a reference list with at least three scholarly references.

sophia touchstone 2- speech- write the speech for me, I’ll record it

May 22, 2024/0 Comments/in Writing /by bonniejecinta

QUESTION

Touchstones are projects that illustrate your comprehension of the course material, help you refine skills, and demonstrate application of knowledge. You can work on a Touchstone anytime, but you must complete this unit’s assessments before you submit it. Once you’ve submitted a Touchstone, it will be graded and counted toward your final course score.

Touchstone 2: Special Occasion Speech

ASSIGNMENT: For this touchstone, you will deliver a 3–5 minute special occasion speech on a topic of your choice. The speech can be for any context, but the purpose must be to commemorate an occasion. See the following list of example occasions for inspiration.

Type of Special Occasion SpeechExamplesThe Speech of Introduction

Introducing a keynote speaker at a conference

Introducing a new employee at a company meeting

The Speech to Secure Goodwill

Welcoming new employees during an orientation session

Celebrating staff at a company retreat

The Speech of Presentation or Acceptance

Presenting an award for academic work (paper, research, report)

Accepting an award for original creative work

The Commemorative Speech: Dedications and Eulogies

Delivering a commemorative speech for the dedication of a new building

Delivering a eulogy at a funeral

The Inspirational Speech

Motivating your work team to take on a new challenge

Inspiring your work team with a vision for the future
Other Speeches: Farewells, Toasts, and After-Dinner Remarks

Giving a toast at a wedding or other party

Delivering a speech at a graduation

……

In order to foster learning and growth, all work you submit must be newly written specifically for this course. Any plagiarized or recycled work will result in a Plagiarism Detected alert. Review Touchstones: Academic Integrity Guidelines for more about plagiarism and the Plagiarism Detected alert. For guidance on the use of generative AI technology, review Ethical Standards and Appropriate Use of AI.

Touchstone Support Videos

Connecting Your Audience, Purpose, and Message
Analyzing Your Audience
A. Directions

Step 1: Select a Special Occasion Topic

Your speech should be for a special occasion. You may use a special occasion from the list above, or choose one of your own. Consider the following brainstorming techniques as you generate your speech topic:

Word Association

Clustering

Freewriting

Distilling Your Ideas
Doing a Little Homework

Refer back to the following lessons for support:

Special Occasion Speeches

Choosing and Developing a Good Topic

Step 2: Consider Purpose, Thesis, and Audience

Identify your purpose, thesis, and audience. Imagine your audience and how you would want to convey your message to this audience.

2a. Purpose
After you determine your topic, you should refine it into the general purpose and specific purpose by asking yourself what you hope to accomplish with your speech and what you hope your audience will take away with them.

As you plan your speech and consider the purpose, ask yourself the following questions:

What do you want your audience to know?

What do you want your audience to think?

What do you want your audience to feel?

What do you want your audience to do?

2b. Thesis
Your thesis statement should clearly articulate the purpose and main points of your speech. Defining a thesis is essentially constructing the structural outline of your speech. When you have defined a thesis, you have essentially articulated to yourself what your speech will say, what position you will take up, and what the speech’s purpose is.

As you plan your speech and consider the thesis, ask yourself the following questions:

What is the most important message of your speech?

Why should/will your audience care about your message?

2c. Audience

When planning your special occasion speech, it is important to know about the audience and to adapt the message to the audience. You want to prepare an audience-centered speech, or a speech focusing on the audience.

The audience is the target of your speech, and effectively communicating your theme to them is the goal of good public speaking. As such, you should always keep the audience in mind both before and during your time on stage.
As you plan your speech and consider the audience, ask yourself the following questions:

What is the correct context for the speech? Where and when will it be given?

Who is the audience and what are their characteristics?

Why has the audience come to hear the speech?

What are the interests of the audience?

What does the audience know about your topic?

What is the audience’s point of view on the topic?

How will the audience likely react to your speech?

Refer back to the following lessons for support:

Audience

Context: Situation, Environment, Culture, and Bias

The Purpose and Thesis Statement

Best Practices in Public Speaking

How to Use Your Knowledge of the Audience

Step 3: Create Notes

Create notes or bullet points that you can refer to while presenting your speech. You should not read your speech word-for-word from your notes.

Step 4: Use Clear Language

Ensure that the language you use is consistently clear and appropriate to the audience, which helps the audience connect with you and your topic. Explain any technical jargon you use where necessary. Cognitive psychologists and linguists suggest that word choice has significant framing effects on the perceptions, memories, and attitudes of speakers and listeners.

Refer back to the following lesson for support:

Addressing a Diverse Audience

Your Audience’s Group Membership and Physical Context

Relating to Your Audience
Adapting to Your Audience
Step 5: Practice Speech
Practice presenting your speech. Aim for a speech that is 3–5 minutes in length.
Step 6. Review Rubric

Before filming, review the rubric to ensure that you understand how you will be evaluated.

Step 7: Film Speech

Film yourself presenting the speech. Be sure that you can be easily seen and heard, and direct your speech to the camera.

Step 8: Review Video

Review your video to ensure that you can be seen and heard. Refilm as needed.

Step 9: Review Checklist and Requirements

Review the checklist and requirements to ensure that your Touchstone is complete.

Step 10: Submit

Upload your video using the blue button at the top of this page.

Refer to the checklist below throughout the writing process. Do not submit your Touchstone until it meets these guidelines.

? I have selected a special occasion speech topic.
? My speech includes a purpose and a thesis.
? I have considered my audience.
? I have used language that is appropriate to my audience.
? I have filmed a video of myself presenting my speech.
? The video of my speech is 3–5 minutes in length.
? I have reviewed the video and I can be easily heard and seen.
? In my speech, I am focused on connecting with the audience, only looking at my notes occasionally.
? I have adhered to all the requirements.
? I have read through the rubric and I understand how my Touchstone will be evaluated.

Touchstone 2: Special Occasion Speech

Type of Special Occasion SpeechExamplesThe Speech of Introduction

Introducing a keynote speaker at a conference
Introducing a new employee at a company meeting
The Speech to Secure Goodwill
Welcoming new employees during an orientation session

Celebrating staff at a company retreat

The Speech of Presentation or Acceptance

Presenting an award for academic work (paper, research, report)

Accepting an award for original creative work

The Commemorative Speech: Dedications and Eulogies

Delivering a commemorative speech for the dedication of a new building
Delivering a eulogy at a funeral

The Inspirational Speech

Motivating your work team to take on a new challenge

Inspiring your work team with a vision for the future

Other Speeches: Farewells, Toasts, and After-Dinner Remarks

Giving a toast at a wedding or other party

Delivering a speech at a graduation

In order to foster learning and growth, all work you submit must be newly written specifically for this course. Any plagiarized or recycled work will result in a Plagiarism Detected alert. Review Touchstones: Academic Integrity Guidelines for more about plagiarism and the Plagiarism Detected alert. For guidance on the use of generative AI technology, review Ethical Standards and Appropriate Use of AI.
Touchstone Support Videos
Connecting Your Audience, Purpose, and Message
Analyzing Your Audience
A. Directions
Step 1: Select a Special Occasion Topic
Your speech should be for a special occasion. You may use a special occasion from the list above, or choose one of your own. Consider the following brainstorming techniques as you generate your speech topic:
Word Association

Clustering

Freewriting

Distilling Your Ideas

Doing a Little Homework

Refer back to the following lessons for support:

Special Occasion Speeches

Choosing and Developing a Good Topic

Step 2: Consider Purpose, Thesis, and Audience

Identify your purpose, thesis, and audience. Imagine your audience and how you would want to convey your message to this audience.

2a. Purpose

After you determine your topic, you should refine it into the general purpose and specific purpose by asking yourself what you hope to accomplish with your speech and what you hope your audience will take away with them.

As you plan your speech and consider the purpose, ask yourself the following questions:

What do you want your audience to know?

What do you want your audience to think?

What do you want your audience to feel?

What do you want your audience to do?

2b. Thesis

Your thesis statement should clearly articulate the purpose and main points of your speech. Defining a thesis is essentially constructing the structural outline of your speech. When you have defined a thesis, you have essentially articulated to yourself what your speech will say, what position you will take up, and what the speech’s purpose is.

As you plan your speech and consider the thesis, ask yourself the following questions:

What is the most important message of your speech?

Why should/will your audience care about your message?

2c. Audience

When planning your special occasion speech, it is important to know about the audience and to adapt the message to the audience. You want to prepare an audience-centered speech, or a speech focusing on the audience.

The audience is the target of your speech, and effectively communicating your theme to them is the goal of good public speaking. As such, you should always keep the audience in mind both before and during your time on stage.

As you plan your speech and consider the audience, ask yourself the following questions:

What is the correct context for the speech? Where and when will it be given?

Who is the audience and what are their characteristics?

Why has the audience come to hear the speech?

What are the interests of the audience?

What does the audience know about your topic?

What is the audience’s point of view on the topic?

How will the audience likely react to your speech?

Refer back to the following lessons for support:

Audience

Context: Situation, Environment, Culture, and Bias

The Purpose and Thesis Statement

Best Practices in Public Speaking

How to Use Your Knowledge of the Audience

Step 3: Create Notes

Create notes or bullet points that you can refer to while presenting your speech. You should not read your speech word-for-word from your notes.

Step 4: Use Clear Language

Refer back to the following lesson for support:

Addressing a Diverse Audience

Your Audience’s Group Membership and Physical Context

Relating to Your Audience

Adapting to Your Audience

Step 5: Practice Speech

Practice presenting your speech. Aim for a speech that is 3–5 minutes in length.

Step 6. Review Rubric

Before filming, review the rubric to ensure that you understand how you will be evaluated.

Step 7: Film Speech

Film yourself presenting the speech. Be sure that you can be easily seen and heard, and direct your speech to the camera.

Step 8: Review Video

Review your video to ensure that you can be seen and heard. Refilm as needed.

Step 9: Review Checklist and Requirements

Review the checklist and requirements to ensure that your Touchstone is complete.

Business Law Question

May 22, 2024/0 Comments/in Business & Finance /by bonniejecinta

QUESTION

Complete the following problems from your textbook, located at the end of each respective chapter. Save your work as a WORD document, then SUBMIT it to the ASSIGNMENT SUBMISSION link for this week.

You do not need to write out the questions. However, you must write out your responses in complete sentences. Please be very thorough and detailed. This is your opportunity to “show-off” what you learned this week.

Chapter 9:
- Question 9-3 9–3. Privacy. Using special software, South Dakota law enforcement officers found a person who appeared to possess child pornography at a specific Internet address. The officers subpoenaed Midcontinent Communications, the service that assigned the address, for the personal information of its subscriber. With this information, the officers obtained a search warrant for the residence of John Rolfe, where they found a laptop that contained child pornography. Rolfe argued that the subpoenas violated his “expectation of privacy.” Did Rolfe have a privacy interest in the information obtained by the subpoenas issued to Midcontinent? Discuss. [State of South Dakota v. Rolfe, 825 N.W.2d 901 (S.Dak. 2013)] (See Privacy.)
- Question 9-7
  9–7. Social Media. Irvin Smith was charged in a Georgia state court with burglary and theft. Before the trial, during the selection of the jury, the state prosecutor asked the prospective jurors whether they knew Smith. No one responded affirmatively. Jurors were chosen and sworn in, without objection. After the trial, during deliberations, the jurors indicated to the court that they were deadlocked. The court charged them to try again. Meanwhile, the prosecutor learned that “Juror 4” appeared as a friend on the defendant’s Facebook page and filed a motion to dismiss her. The court replaced Juror 4 with an alternate. Was this an appropriate action, or was it an “abuse of discretion”? Should the court have admitted evidence that Facebook friends do not always actually know each other? Discuss. [Smith v. State of Georgia, 335 Ga.App. 497, 782 S.E.2d 305 (2016)] (See Social Media.)
Chapter 10:
- Question 10-1
  10–1. Types of Cyber Crimes. The following situations are similar, but each represents a variation of a particular crime. Identify the crime involved in each of the following situations. (See Cyber Crime.) (a) Chen, posing fraudulently as being from Centell, the provider of Emily’s security software, sends an e-mail to Emily, stating that the company has observed suspicious activity in her account and on her network. The e-mail asks Emily to call Chen immediately to provide a new credit-card number and password to update her security software and reopen the account. (b) Claiming falsely to be Big Buy Retail Finance Company, Conner sends an e-mail to Dino, asking him to confirm or update his personal security information to prevent his Big Buy account from being discontinued.
- Question 10-4
  10–4. Business Case Problem with Sample Answer— White-Collar Crime. Matthew Simpson and others created and operated a series of corporate entities to defraud telecommunications companies, creditors, credit reporting agencies, and others. Through these entities, Simpson and his confederates used routing codes and spoofing services to make long-distance calls appear to be local. They stole other firms’ network capacity and diverted payments to themselves. They leased goods and services without paying for them. To hide their association with their corporate entities and with each other, they used false identities, addresses, and credit histories, and issued false bills, invoices, financial statements, and credit references. Did these acts constitute mail and wire fraud? Discuss. [United States v. Simpson, 741 F.3d 539 (5th Cir. 2014)] (See Types of Crimes.) • For a sample answer to Problem 10–4, go to Appendix C at the end of this text.
  Cross, Frank B.; Miller, Roger LeRoy. The Legal Environment of Business: Text and Cases (MindTap Course List) (p. 209). Cengage Learning. Kindle Edition.
Chapter 11:
- Question 11-1
  11–1. Doing Business Internationally. Macrotech, Inc., develops an innovative computer chip and obtains a patent on it. The firm markets the chip under the trademarked brand name “Flash.” Macrotech wants to sell the chip to Nitron, Ltd., in Pacifica, a foreign country. Macrotech is concerned, however, that after an initial purchase, Nitron will duplicate the chip, pirate it, and sell the pirated version to computer manufacturers in Pacifica. To avoid this possibility, Macrotech could establish its own manufacturing facility in Pacifica, but it does not want to do this. How can Macrotech, without establishing a manufacturing facility in Pacifica, protect Flash from being pirated by Nitron? (See Doing Business Internationally.)
Chapter 12:
- Question 12-1
  12–1. Unilateral Contract. Rocky Mountain Races, Inc., sponsors the “Pioneer Trail Ultramarathon,” with an advertised first prize of $10,000. The rules require the competitors to run one hundred miles from the floor of Blackwater Canyon to the top of Pinnacle Mountain. The rules also provide that Rocky reserves the right to change the terms of the race at any time. Monica enters the race and is declared the winner. Rocky offers her a prize of $1,000 instead of $10,000. Did Rocky and Monica have a contract? Explain. (See An Overview of Contract Law.)
- Question 12-5
  12–5. Agreements That Lack Consideration. ArkansasMissouri Forest Products, LLC (Ark-Mo), sells supplies to make wood pallets. Blue Chip Manufacturing (BCM) makes pallets. Mark Garnett, an owner of Ark-Mo, and Stuart Lerner, an owner of BCM, went into business together. Garnett and Lerner agreed that Ark-Mo would have a 30-percent ownership interest in their future projects. When Lerner formed Blue Chip Recycling, LLC (BCR), to manage a pallet repair facility in California, however, he allocated only a 5-percent interest to Ark-Mo. Garnett objected. In a “Telephone Deal,” Lerner then promised Garnett that Ark-Mo would receive a 30-percent interest in their future projects in the Midwest, and Garnett agreed to forgo an ownership interest in BCR. But when Blue Chip III, LLC (BC III), was formed to operate a repair facility in the Midwest, Lerner told Garnett that he “was not getting anything.” Ark-Mo filed a suit in a Missouri state court against Lerner, alleging breach of contract. Was there consideration to support the Telephone Deal? Explain. [Arkansas-Missouri Forest Products, LLC v. Lerner, 486 S.W.3d 438 (Mo.App.E.D. 2016)] (See Consideration.) Chapter 13:
- Question 13-1
  13–1. Conditions of Performance. The Caplans contract with Faithful Construction, Inc., to build a house for them for $360,000. The specifications state “all plumbing bowls and fixtures… to be Crane brand.” The Caplans leave on vacation, and during their absence, Faithful is unable to buy and install Crane plumbing fixtures. Instead, Faithful installs Kohler brand fixtures, an equivalent in the industry. On completion of the building contract, the Caplans inspect the work, discover the substitution, and refuse to accept the house, claiming Faithful has breached the conditions set forth in the specifications. Discuss fully the Caplans’ claim. (See Performance and Discharge.)
- Question 13-8
  13–8. Reformation. Dr. John Holm signed a two-year employment agreement with Gateway Anesthesia Associates, PLLC. During negotiations for the agreement, Gateway’s president, Dr. Jon Nottingham, told Holm that on completion of the contract he would become a partner in the firm and that during the term he would be paid “like a partner.” The written agreement did not reflect this promise—the contract read that Holm would be paid based on “net collections” for his services and did not state that he would become a partner. Later, Gateway told Holm that it did not intend to make him a partner. Holm filed a complaint in an Arizona state court against Gateway, alleging breach. Before the trial, Holm filed a motion to reform the contract to express what he had been told. Nottingham did not dispute Holm’s account. What is the basis for the reformation of a contract? Is it appropriate in this case? Why or why not? [Holm v. Gateway Anesthesia Associates, PLLC, 2018 WL 770503 (Ariz.Ct.App. Div. 1 2018)] (See Equitable Remedies for Contract Breach.)
Chapter 14:
- Question 14-414–4. Express Warranties. Charity Bell bought a used Toyota Avalon from Awny Gobran of Gobran Auto Sales, Inc. The odometer showed that the car had been driven 147,000 miles. Bell asked whether it had been in any accidents. Gobran replied that it was in good condition. The parties signed a warranty disclaimer that the vehicle was sold “as is.” Problems with the car arose the same day as the purchase. Gobran made a few ineffectual attempts to repair it before refusing to do more. Meanwhile, Bell obtained a vehicle history report from Carfax, which showed that the Avalon had been damaged in an accident and that its last reported odometer reading was Was the “as is” disclaimer sufficient to put Bell on notice that the odometer reading could be false and that the car might have been in an accident? Can Gobran avoid any liability that might otherwise be imposed because Bell did not obtain the Carfax report until after she bought the car? Discuss. [Gobran Auto Sales, Inc. v. Bell, 335 Ga.App. 873, 783 S.E.2d 389 (2016)] (See Warranties.)
- Question 14-8
  14–8. Implied Warranties. Harold Moore bought a barrelracing horse named Clear Boggy for $100,000 for his daughter. The seller was Betty Roper, who appraises barrel-racing horses. (Barrel racing is a rodeo event in which a horse and rider attempt to complete a cloverleaf pattern around preset barrels in the fastest time.) Clear Boggy was promoted for sale as a competitive barrel-racing horse. On inquiry, Roper represented that Clear Boggy did not have any performance issues or medical problems, and that the only medications the horse had been given were hock injections, a common treatment. Shortly after the purchase, Clear Boggy began exhibiting significant performance problems, including nervousness, unwillingness to practice, and stalling during runs. Roper then disclosed that the horse had been given shoulder injections prior to the sale and had previously stalled in competition. Moore took the horse to a veterinarian and discovered that it suffered from arthritis, impinged vertebrae, front-leftfoot problems, and a right-hind-leg fracture. The vet recommended, and Moore paid for, surgery to repair the leg fracture, but Clear Boggy remained unfit for competition. Moore also discovered that the horse had been scratched from a competition prior to the sale because it was injured. Can Moore prevail in a lawsuit against Roper for breach of the implied warranty of fitness for a particular purpose? Why or why not? [Moore v. Roper, 2018 WL 1123868 (E.D.Okla. 2018)] (See Warranties.)
  Cross, Frank B.; Miller, Roger LeRoy. The Legal Environment of Business: Text and Cases (MindTap Course List) (p. 316). Cengage Learning. Kindle Edition.
Chapter 23:
- Question 23-3
  23–3. Business Case Problem with Sample Answer— Agency Powers. A well-documented rise in global temperatures has coincided with a significant increase in the concentration of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere. Many scientists believe that the two trends are related, because when carbon dioxide is released into the atmosphere, it produces a greenhouse effect, trapping solar heat. Under the Clean Air Act (CAA), the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) is authorized to regulate “any” air pollutants “emitted into… the ambient air” that in its “judgment cause, or contribute to, air pollution.” A group of private organizations asked the EPA to regulate carbon dioxide and other “greenhouse gas” emissions from new motor vehicles. The EPA refused, stating, among other things, that the most recent congressional amendments to the CAA did not authorize any new, binding auto emissions limits. Nineteen states, including Massachusetts, asked a district court to review the EPA’s denial. Did the EPA have the authority to regulate greenhouse gas emissions from new motor vehicles? If so, was its stated reason for refusing to do so consistent with that authority? Discuss. [Commonwealth of Massachusetts v. Environmental Protection Agency, 549 U.S. 497, 127 S.Ct. 1438, 167 L.Ed.2d 248 (2007)] (See Agency Creation and Powers.) • For a sample answer to Problem 23–3, go to Appendix C at the end of this text.

QUESTION

QUESTION

PATIENT DASHBOARD

PATIENT DASHBOARD

INTRODUCTION

REASON FOR VISIT

PHYSICAL EXAM 1

SUMMARY STATEMENT

DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS

DIAGNOSTIC TESTS 1 – E. Venous Doppler of the lower extremity

DIAGNOSTIC CRITERIA – High probability

Wells Criteria for the Diagnosis of DVT

DIAGNOSTIC TESTS 2

PHYSICAL EXAM 2 – B. Grade 2

REVIEWING LAB RESULTS – Uncontrolled diabetes

FORMULATING A PLAN

DISCUSSION OF TREATMENT

IMPLEMENTATION OF TREATMENT PLAN

SCIENCES EXCELLENCE IN ACTION

MULTIDISCIPLINARY CARE

DISCUSSING THE PLAN WITH THE PATIENT

FOLLOW-UP 2

QUESTION

Question

QUESTION

QUESTION

A walk through the Business section of any bookstore or a quick Internet search on the topic will reveal a seemingly endless supply of writings on leadership. Formal research literature is also teeming with volumes on the subject.

QUESTION

QUESTION

The American Nursing Association (ANA) established the National Database of Nursing Quality Indicators (NDNQI®) in 1998 to track and report on quality indicators heavily influenced by nursing action.

Grove, S. K., Gray, J. R., Jay, G. W., Jay, H. M., & Burns, N. (2018). Understanding nursing research: Building an evidence-based practice (7th ed.). Elsevier.

This assessment requires you to prepare an 8–10 minute audio training tutorial (with optional video) for new nurses on the importance of nursing-sensitive quality indicators. To successfully prepare for your assessment, you will need to complete the following preparatory activities:

If you require the use of assistive technology or alternative communication methods to participate in this activity, please contact DisabilityServices@Capella.edu to request accommodations.

Why do new nurses need to be familiar with this particular quality indicator when providing patient care?

APA: Submit, along with the recording, a separate reference page that follows APA style and formatting guidelines. For an APA refresher, consult the Evidence and APA page on Campus.

Competency 5: Apply professional, scholarly communication to facilitate use of health information and patient care technologies.

DISTINGUISHED

Attempts to explain how a health care organization uses nursing-sensitive quality indicators to enhance patient safety, patient care outcomes, and organizational performance reports.

QUESTION

Type of Special Occasion SpeechExamplesThe Speech of Introduction

What is the audience’s point of view on the topic?

Step 4: Use Clear Language

Review the checklist and requirements to ensure that your Touchstone is complete.

What do you want your audience to know?

2b. Thesis

What is the audience’s point of view on the topic?

Step 3: Create Notes

Refer back to the following lesson for support:

Before filming, review the rubric to ensure that you understand how you will be evaluated.

QUESTION

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