Response to peer 1

Question

Innovation and R&D Investment: Investing in research and development to continually innovate products or services is crucial. For example, Samsung Electronics has heavily invested in R&D to innovate in the highly competitive electronics and smartphone markets. This strategy is effective because it keeps the company at the forefront of technological advancements, ensuring they consistently meet changing consumer demands.

Diversification of Product Lines and Services: Diversification helps companies reduce dependence on a single market or product. Google (Alphabet Inc.) has successfully diversified from its core search engine business into areas like cloud computing, consumer electronics, and self-driving cars. This strategy is effective as it allows companies to tap into new revenue streams and hedge against market volatility in one sector.

Global Supply Chain Optimization: Efficient supply chain management can significantly reduce costs and improve product availability. IKEA is known for its cost-effective supply chain and inventory management, which allows it to offer affordable furniture globally. This approach is effective because it optimizes operational costs and enhances the ability to serve customers promptly.

Local Market Customization: Customizing products or services to suit local tastes and preferences is key in global markets. KFC, for instance, has successfully adapted its menu in different countries (like offering congee in China and spicy chicken in India) to appeal to local tastes. This strategy is effective as it increases relevance and appeal in diverse markets.

Building a Strong Brand and Customer Loyalty: Establishing a strong brand identity and fostering customer loyalty can be a significant competitive advantage. Starbucks has done this effectively by not just selling coffee, but by offering a consistent and premium customer experience globally. This strategy is effective as it creates an emotional connection with customers, encouraging repeat business.

Leveraging Digital Transformation: Embracing digital technologies to improve operations, marketing, and customer engagement is crucial. Netflix’s shift from DVD rentals to streaming services is a prime example of digital transformation, allowing them to dominate the global streaming market. This strategy is effective as it aligns the company with evolving technological trends and consumer preferences.

Sustainability and Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR): Engaging in sustainable practices and CSR can enhance brand reputation and customer loyalty. LEGO Group’s commitment to sustainability through initiatives like investing in renewable energy and pledging to make its products more sustainable has bolstered its brand image. This approach is effective as consumers increasingly prefer companies that are socially and environmentally responsible.

To stay up-to-date with the latest trends and developments in a global industry, companies can:

Engage in Continuous Market Research: Keeping abreast of global market trends, consumer behaviors, and emerging technologies.

Foster a Culture of Innovation: Encouraging employees to experiment and think creatively.

Utilize Big Data and Analytics: Leveraging data analytics to gain insights into market trends and customer preferences.

Participate in Global Networks: Collaborating with international partners, attending global industry conferences, and being active in professional networks.

In summary, the key to achieving sustainable competitive advantage in a global market segment lies in a company’s ability to innovate, diversify, optimize operations, adapt to local markets, build strong brands, embrace digital transformation, and commit to sustainability. Companies like Samsung, Google, IKEA, KFC, Starbucks, Netflix, and LEGO serve as exemplary models in this regard, demonstrating the effectiveness of these strategies in various global industries.

Health Problem Objective Identification and Background HE 210

QUESTION

Step 1.

In this assignment we go back to Healthy People 2030, the government initiative to “identify healthimprovement priorities. Increase public awareness and understanding of the determinants of health, disease, and disability and the opportunities for progress. Provide measurable objectives and goals that are applicable at the national, State, and local levels.”  It is public health in a nutshell!

Go to Healthy People 2030Links to an external site. and return to your area of interest you stated in Discussion 1. This is the page.

Step 2. Screenshot of Objectives  in Healthy People 2030Click on “Browse Objectives by Topic”Links to an external site. and return to your area of interest. ( I chose, Health Behaviors >Child and Adolescent Development).

 In this example my category is Health Behaviors and my subset is Child and Adolescent Development.

HINT: Your category should only say the 5 listed (Health conditions, Health Behaviors, Populations, Settings and Systems or Social Determinants)

Below each category is the subset, too many to list here! That is what you click on to get each objective, a fancy word for goal.

Step 3. Click on your area of interest (subset )to scroll down to see the Objectives (aka goals) of your area.

I chose children then scrolled to find a goal I was interested in.

Step 4. Choose an Objective aka Goal.( I chose “Increase the proportion of children whose parents read to them at least 4 days per week EMC-01). The arrow shows it.

Choose YOUR OWN objective in the area YOU mentioned in Discussion 1. You cannot choose my area.

THIS TOPIC WILL BE  MY TOPIC FOR THE ENTIRE PRESENTATION.

THE ONE YOU CHOSE WILL BE YOUR TOPIC FOR THE ENTIRE SESSION. EACH WEEK YOU WILL EXPAND THE PROJECT. 

Step 5. Click on your chosen objective/goal and see the current status.

Your objective may be ongoing or have no data. If that is the case, pick a different objective or look up some data. Here is what mine looks like. It shows the reader, recent data, targets and baselines. You need this for your slides.

Step 6. Create a slide presentation about YOUR topic that follows the template. Use my example presentation to help

.FOR THE ASSIGNMENT you need to create PowerPoint slides just like we practiced last week. Follow my template exactly. To help, I have red font. The areas that you need to fill out are the red instructions so they should be removed when yours is done. There will be four slides.

1. A title slide with your name and topic.

2. Next slide with your  CATEGORY, SUBSET AND OBJECTIVE WITH NUMBER LISTED.

3. A slide with a background of Why is this important to health? You may need to look that up!  You must have one fact why this is an important goal AND one comment on why you picked the topic. See how I show that reading is important to health in my example presentation.

For mine, I googled, “reading and health outcomes” and found resources on why learning to read in childhood helps later health.  Tell me how YOUR CHOSEN problem impacts our health and society. Do not just say “it is a serious problem”. For full credit you must have an impact fact.

Power Point presenation

QUESTION

Develop a PowerPoint Presentation in regards to the issue of Advanced Practice.

Identify a current research problem related to advanced nursing practice that is of interest to you. ( I would like to use the problem of cardiovascular diseases among the elderly population. The reason why I would like to investigate this problem if because I think the main problem is that long term case facilities pay no attention to physical
activity among elderly and do not introduce new effective programs for this age group.)
 

WHY this is a problem. (Limit response to no more than 3 sentences). Develop a research question to provide information about the research problem.

  1. Based on your research question, do you believe it will best be answered by a qualitative or quantitative study ? Support your decision as to why you believe the answers would best be provided by the type of study you have chosen.

Select a middle-range theory and identify the application of nursing theories to your research problem.
Conduct a literature review.

Based on your literature review answer the following questions:

If qualitative,

Identify the purpose of the study.

Briefly, describe the design of the study and explain why you think it is either appropriate or inappropriate to meet the purpose.

Identify ethical issues related to the study and how they were/were not addressed.

  1. Identify the sampling method and recruitment strategy that was used.

Discuss whether sampling and recruitment were appropriate to the aims of the research.

  1. Identify the data collection method(s) and discuss whether the method(s) is/are appropriate to the aims of the study.
  2. Identify how the data was analyzed and discuss whether the method(s) of analysis is/are appropriate to the aims of the study.

Identify four (4) criteria by which the rigor of a qualitative project can be judged.

  1. Discuss the rigor of this study using the four criteria.?

Briefly, describe the findings of the study and identify any limitations.

  • Use the information that you have gained from your critique of the study to discuss the trustworthiness and applicability of the study. Include in your discussion any implications for the discipline of nursing.

If quantitative,

  • Identify the purpose and design of the study.
  • Explain what is meant by ‘blinding’ and ‘randomization’ and discuss how these were addressed in the design of the study.
  • Identify ethical issues related to the study and how they were/were not addressed. ?
  • Explain the sampling method and the recruitment strategy was used.
  • Discuss how the sample size was determined include in your discussion an explanation of terms used.
  • Briefly, outline how the data was collected and identify any data collection instrument(s).
  • Define the terms of validity and reliability, and discuss how the validity & reliability of the instruments were/were not addressed in this study and why this is important.
  • Outline how the data were analyzed.
  • Identify the statistics used and the level of measurement of the data described by each statistical test include in your discussion an explanation of terms used.
  • Briefly, outline the findings and identify any limitations of the study.
  • Use the information that you have gained from your critique of the study to briefly discuss the trustworthiness and applicability of the study. Include in your discussion an explanation of the term statistical significance and name the tests of statistical significance used in this study.
  • The presentation is original work and logically organized.

Comm 303: Communicating to Stakeholders

QUESTION

Approach and write this white paper as one that identifies an issue and provides potential solutions for the non-profit Southern Environmental Law Center. The general audience should be other professionals in your organization and discipline. Your white paper needs to be informative, educating the leadership about the topic and issue, providing them with key points of information to share with others, and providing them with at least one potential solution. You are presenting your organization with a decision, and sharing research to support that decision. 

For example, perhaps you are an intern for the Clean Water Campaign for Michigan. You might research a white paper that details the impacts of lead contamination in Flint, MI, and how those impacts have disproportionately affected low income communities, particularly communities of color. You therefore show intersections of both class and race. Your research might also share a potential solution, such as investment in sustainable public water infrastructure can both increase local job opportunities and attract additional small businesses to the area, while improving health outcomes for residents. 

You should treat your paper as the combination “backgrounder + problem/solution” that the FAQ describes. Focus primarily on identifying the topic, telling the story about how a specific issue (race, gender, or class) is affected by, or affects, this topic; the solution you provide should be preliminary. It should be a suggestion of what the non-profit organization could do to help address the issue in this one topic. The issues you will be discussing are systemic and deeply entrenched. Your recommendation should benefit the local community in measurable ways, but you are not expected to come up with solutions for racism, sexism, or classism.

Info: The text of the report should be no fewer than 5 pages and no more than 7 pages , double-spaced, in line with APA guidelines for format and documentation, which means that with your title and reference page the whole project should be 7-9 pages . You should have a minimum of 5 sources for your research. The sources should provide:

background information and research on the topic, 

background information and research on the systemic issue influencing or influenced by, the topic, 

information about potential solutions. 

Sources primarily should be peer-reviewed journal articles. Remember your audience is experts in the field. A maximum of one source may be a non-profit website, a maximum of one source may be a governmental organization website, and a maximum of one source may be a long form article (5000 words or more) from a popular source like The Atlantic, Mother Jones, New Republic, The New Yorker , special reporting from The Washington Post , etc. Therefore, a minimum of two of your sources must be peer-reviewed journal articles.

  • Required elements of the assignment: 
  • BRIEF relevant background information – about the non-profit organization, what issues it typically addresses, who it typically serves, etc.; 
  • a clear articulation of how race, gender, or class effect the topic / non-profit, and the audiences affected by this; 

use of storytelling elements to illustrate the issue – a case study or local person or community impacted by the issue helps apply the data to human experience;

your recommendations and the reasons for them; 

evidence supporting your reasons and conclusions; 

a list of references

SEU Significance of Performance Management Alignment Discussion

Question

Reply to Performance Management Discussion 1

Q – Please read the discussion below and prepare a Reply to this discussion with comments that further and advance the discussion topic.

Discussion

Performance Management

Performance Management System (PMS) effective examples are as follows:

In the first example, At the start of this year, a company introduced a performance management system for its employees. The system utilized the SMART goal technique to assign specific goals to each individual employee. Furthermore, every quarter of the year, employees received feedback to help them evaluate their performance. In addition, two training programs were organized during the year to provide developmental opportunities for the employees.

Regular feedback, clear goal setting, and access to developmental opportunities are crucial components of an effective performance management system. This system can have a significant impact on organizational performance by promoting employee development and engagement. When employees are provided with these elements, they are more likely to be motivated and committed to their work (Doe, 2020).

In the second example, and to be more specific, a development team has been given an assignment to develop a new product to gain market share. To help the team improve and work better together, we could try gathering feedback from all directions using 360-degree assessments. This can help us understand our strengths and weaknesses as a team. It’s also important to encourage everyone to collaborate with people from different areas of the company and share knowledge, as this can help us come up with new ideas and solutions. When we review performance, we should make sure to recognize and reward people who take risks, think creatively, and solve problems in innovative ways. As a result, A successful product launch can be attributed to various factors such as improved team cohesion, diverse perspectives, and a culture of innovation. When a team works well together and has a shared vision, it can lead to better results. By bringing together people from different backgrounds and encouraging new ideas, a team can foster a culture of innovation that is key to success.

In order for an organization to make the most out of their performance management system (PMS), they need to keep a few things in mind. First, they should ensure that their performance goals align with their overall objectives, so that everyone is working towards the same bigger picture (Locke & Latham, 1990). Additionally, the PMS should be used not just as a tool for evaluation, but also as a way to identify areas where employees can improve and provide them with the necessary feedback and training. It’s also important to establish a culture of open communication where managers and employees can discuss performance throughout the year, not just during annual reviews. To ensure fairness and transparency, clear performance criteria and measurable objectives need to be set, and consistent evaluation procedures should be followed. Finally, the integration of performance management software can help streamline processes, facilitate feedback, and track progress(Boxall & Purcell, 2016).

References 

Boxall, P., & Purcell, J. (2016). Strategy and human resource management. Macmillan International Higher Education.

Doe, J. (2020). Employee Engagement and Development in Modern Organizations. Publisher.

Locke, E. A., & Latham, G. P. (1990). A theory of goal setting & task performance. Prentice-Hall, Inc.

MGT302: Week 2 Case Analysis: Xample Manufacturing Annual Draft Operating Budget

QUESTION

Case Analysis: Xample Manufacturing Annual Draft Operating Budget

[WLO: 2] [CLO: 6]

Prior to beginning work on this assignment, Read A Budget Model for a Small Manufacturing Firm

Read Writing a Case Study Analysis. in the Writing Center.

Review the following Xample Manufacturing Case Study. Using the information and the financial data derived in the Xample case, and after reading Fleming’s article, you will create an annual budget in draft form divided into four periods (Quarter 1, Quarter 2, Quarter 3, and Quarter 4) using the provided budget Xample Manufacturing Operating Budget Template

Xample Manufacturing Case Study
Consider the following scenario: Imagine you are a manager of a small plastic parts manufacturing contracting business, making parts under contract to the electronic consumer goods industry and defense industry companies, and you are in charge of developing a projected annual operating budget.

  • Your budgetary figures are as follows: For fiscal year 2019, your firm received a $3 million contract from Sony to provide small parts for its current Ultra HD Blu-Ray Player, as well as various contracts totaling $1.75 million from other businesses. Xample also has an $180,000 annual contract from Boeing and a contract for small plastic parts from Ratheon, totaling $1.6 million annually.

Your chief financial officer (CFO) has provided you with the following annual expenses:

Xample Manufacturing Expenses

Expense ElementsAmountAnnual Salaries$1.63 millionAnnual Benefits$245,000Annual Rent$760,000Annual Insurance$45,000Annual Depreciation$780,000Annual Overhead$180,000Annual Supplies$96,000Annual Raw Materials$2.6 million

In your paper,

Complete a 12-month operating budget, using the Xample Manufacturing Operating Budget Template

Include the projected net profit (or loss).

Submit your budget with the following summary.

After completing the budget template, please write a two- to three-page summary and include the following:

Explain the process for creating an operating budget and its importance.

Describe how revenues and expenses are grouped for planning and control in the financial statements.

The Case Analysis: Xample Manufacturing Annual Draft Operating Budget paper,

must be three to four double-spaced pages in length (not including title and references pages) and formatted according to APA Style

must include a separate title page with the following in title case:

title of paper in bold font

Space should appear between the title and the rest of the information on the title page.

student’s name

name of institution (The University of Arizona Global Campus)

course name and number

instructor’s name

due date

must utilize academic voice. Review the Academic Voice. resource for additional guidance.

must include an introduction and conclusion paragraph.

Your introduction paragraph needs to end with a clear thesis statement that indicates the purpose of your paper.

For assistance on writing Introductions & Conclusions

must use at least two scholarly or credible sources in addition to the course text.

The Scholarly, Peer-Reviewed, and Other Credible Sources. table offers additional guidance on appropriate source types. If you have questions about whether a specific source is appropriate for this assignment, please contact your instructor. Your instructor has the final say about the appropriateness of a specific source.

To assist you in completing the research required for this assignment, review this Quick and Easy Library Research tutorial, which introduces the University of Arizona Global Campus Library and the research process, and provides some library search tips.

Chapter 2 help

Question

submit a draft of the second chapter, Chapter 2: Literature Review. 

The purpose of this chapter stems from the need to demonstrate and validate the importance of your topic and the major question you have presented, as well as the answers to your sub questions.

In essence this chapter is nothing more than a research paper on your topic. It should not include any personal opinions or thoughts. Look for information on prior studies, demonstrations, presentations, and so forth to which your work will add in a qualitative way.

Written Assignment 2, Part I and Part II

This activity has two parts, a review of the literature you have explored for your final project and an annotated bibliography of the sources listed. Consult the article “Developing the Literature Review”

Your draft of Chapter 2 should be structured according to the outline given below, which lists the different subheadings you need to include. Consult the explanations given for guidance regarding what information to include under each of these subheadings.

Part I: Literature Review

Write and submit a draft of Chapter 2, the Literature Review, including headings appropriate to the content. Take notes from the sources and organize them according to content themes.

Introductory Paragraph
Begin with an introductory paragraph and place the informative thesis statement at the end of that first paragraph. The thesis statement is the major focus of the literature review chapter. All paragraphs relate in some way to that thesis statement.

Body Paragraphs
Each body paragraph must begin with a topic sentence and end with a concluding sentence. See pages 183–184 of Writing the Winning Thesis or Dissertation. Every paragraph must contain information you have read in sources. Do not use more than 10% quotes in the entire chapter. Every paragraph must have citations for all paraphrased information. Do not use any of your own opinions or experiences. This is purely information from researched sources.

Concluding Paragraph
End with a concluding paragraph that begins with a restatement of your thesis sentence that you used in the introduction. Add nothing new to the conclusion. It is a summary of the body paragraphs.

Note: Beware of inadvertent plagiarism. Do not use any wording or phrasing from the authors of your sources unless you place the words in quotation marks. Every idea must be cited, regardless of how you paraphrased the information. Please focus on the guidance provided by the OWL website. You will be held responsible for the writing, as well as the content of this chapter.

Review punctuation, especially semicolons. If you do not know how to use them, don’t! Review comma rules. Every comma has its own rule. Know why you are using them. Be sure to revise your work several times. Have someone else read your writing, as he or she will catch errors you missed. That is just common practice among writers. This is a scholarly work. Be sure to reread Chapter 12 in Writing the Winning Thesis or Dissertation.

Part II: Annotated Bibliography

Prepare an annotated bibliography of sources based on the references you used for Part I: Literature Review.

Use APA format to create the annotated bibliography.

  • Title this page References 

Place your annotated bibliography at the end of Chapter 2 (at this point). This will eventually become part of the References

Reply to Gender Impact on Leadership Style and Leadership Effectiveness Discussion 1

QUESTION

Reply to Gender Impact on Leadership Style and Leadership Effectiveness Discussion

Q – Please read the discussion below and prepare a Reply to this discussion post with comments that further and advance the discussion topic.

Please provide the references you used.

Discussion

To present the impact of gender on leadership, we will address five main points: leadership capabilities, gender-preferred leadership styles, leadership behaviors, people’s perceptions, and social leadership. According to Wilkinson, D. (2021), a recent study by researchers from the University of Central Florida and York University analyzed literature to determine if gender affects leadership effectiveness. The study found that male and female leaders are equally effective in leading teams without significant differences. However, some studies suggest that female leaders tend to adopt a democratic leadership style in stressful situations, while male leaders lean towards an autocratic approach. Nonetheless, most research indicates no significant difference in leadership behavior based on gender. There exists a noticeable discrepancy between the emergence of male and female leaders. Despite possessing comparable leadership effectiveness, men are frequently perceived as having more significant leadership potential than women. This bias can be attributed to either subconscious prejudices or sexism. Women are less inclined to nominate themselves for leadership positions due to two main factors. Firstly, female leaders tend to be more cautious than their male counterparts, affecting their decision-making risk tolerance. Secondly, female leaders are also less likely to engage in self-promotion, as they worry about unfavorable feedback or criticism of their leadership style and choices. Furthermore, research indicates that female leaders have less accurate perceptions of how their leadership skills are evaluated by others, which can also contribute to their reduced likelihood of becoming leaders. Additionally, research has shown that women are generally regarded as superior leaders in situations requiring high interpersonal competence and social leadership, where women tend to score higher than men. In my opinion, Leaders should be evaluated based on their skills and suitability, not gender.

As many organizations continue to adopt remote work, it’s crucial to simplify, optimize, and streamline this new work environment. Managing virtual teams requires a different approach, but with a few helpful tips, this period can be stress-free. First and foremost, it’s essential to hire self-motivated and independent individuals and provide them with the support of their virtual team managers. Remote work isn’t suitable for everyone, so choose individuals who can work well in a remote environment. Next, use effective communication technologies to support your team’s success. With many communication options available, choose a style that works best for your team, supporting formal and informal communications. The third step clearly defines responsibilities, goals, duties, and processes. Ensuring everyone understands expectations and agrees. The fourth step involves monitoring results, with metrics to track progress for work-from-home jobs. Management must monitor the timeliness, caliber, and success of job output to keep everyone focused. Finally, it’s recommended that virtual teams meet in person occasionally to foster face-to-face time. One-on-one meetings with supervisors provide opportunities for learning, questions, and support. (Welch, 2023)

References

Review this week’s Learning Resources. Consider the insights they provide about assessing.

QUESTION

FOCUSED SOAP NOTE FOR ANXIETY, PTSD, AND OCD

In assessing patients with anxiety, obsessive-compulsive, and trauma and stressor-related disorders, you will continue the practice of looking to understand chief symptomology in order to develop a diagnosis. With a differential diagnosis in mind, you can then move to a treatment and follow-up plan that may involve both psychopharmacologic and psychotherapeutic approaches. 

In this Assignment, you use a case study to develop a focused SOAP note based on evidence-based approaches. 

RESOURCES

Be sure to review the Learning Resources before completing this activity.
Click the weekly resources link to access the resources. 

WEEKLY RESOURCES

TO PREPARE

Review this week’s Learning Resources. Consider the insights they provide about assessing and diagnosing anxiety, obsessive compulsive, and trauma-related disorders.

Review the Focused SOAP Note template, which you will use to complete this Assignment. There is also a Focused SOAP Note Exemplar provided as a guide for Assignment expectations.

Review the video, Case Study: Dev Cordoba. You will use this case as the basis of this Assignment. In this video, a Walden faculty member is assessing a mock patient. The patient will be represented onscreen as an avatar.

Consider what history would be necessary to collect from this patient.

Consider what interview questions you would need to ask this patient.

THE ASSIGNMENT

Develop a Focused SOAP Note, including your differential diagnosis and critical-thinking process to formulate a primary diagnosis. Incorporate the following into your responses in the template:

Subjective: What details did the patient provide regarding their chief complaint and symptomology to derive your differential diagnosis? What is the duration and severity of their symptoms? How are their symptoms impacting their functioning in life?

  • Objective: What observations did you make during the psychiatric assessment?? 
  • Assessment: Discuss the patient’s mental status examination results. What were your differential diagnoses? Provide a minimum of three possible diagnoses with supporting evidence, listed in order from highest priority to lowest priority. Compare the DSM-5-TR diagnostic criteria for each differential diagnosis and explain what DSM-5-TR criteria rules out the differential diagnosis to find an accurate diagnosis. Explain the critical-thinking process that led you to the primary diagnosis you selected. Include pertinent positives and pertinent negatives for the specific patient case.
  • Plan: What is your plan for psychotherapy? What is your plan for treatment and management, including alternative therapies? Include pharmacologic and nonpharmacologic treatments, alternative therapies, and follow-up parameters, as well as a rationale for this treatment and management plan. Also incorporate one health promotion activity and one patient education strategy.

Reflection notes: What would you do differently with this patient if you could conduct the session again? Discuss what your next intervention would be if you could follow up with this patient.?Also include in your reflection a discussion related to legal/ethical considerations (demonstrate critical thinking beyond confidentiality and consent for treatment!), health promotion, and disease prevention, taking into consideration patient factors (such as age, ethnic group, etc.), PMH, and other risk factors (e.g., socioeconomic, cultural background, etc.).

  • Provide at least three evidence-based, peer-reviewed journal articles or evidenced-based guidelines that relate to this case to support your diagnostics and differential diagnoses. Be sure they are current (no more than 5 years old).

measuring the effectiveness of the intervention

QUESTION

This week, we are examining the use of an intervention using social media to inform the patients, providers, or the public about a particular topic or issue that you have selected for your Informatics Scholarly Paper. To prepare to measure concepts that are a part of your paper, you will need to select an instrument to measure them. For instance, if you plan to teach something that may be a public concern such as a communicable disease, you will need to measure the organism that is infecting the public.

Then, you would want to measure the infection rate after you provide a social media outreach campaign to the public. You could measure the knowledge level of those that participated before and after you teach them. This is normally what is done in a DNP program when the student is conducting their project. To accomplish this, it is necessary to find the best instrument or tool. To do so, reviewing the current literature through a library search is best to look for articles. In addition, you will need to view the YouTube video below and quote one of the best explanations you found useful regarding reliability and validity. Keep in mind that the measure of reliability is conducted using a Cronbach’s alpha score, which should be within 0.70-0.90 for reliability of an instrument or tool to exist. If an instrument or tool is not within these parameters, it is not reliable.

Required Video-(view this before continuing)

Reliability vs Validity (2023)

Reliability vs Validity Transcript

Instruments or Tools

Select one of the instruments below that you think fits best with your topic and informatics theory. Review the corresponding peer reviewed article that explains the psychometric properties of the instrument, including the Cronbach alpha or reliability percentage. Share in your post what you have found.

Instrument: Confidence Scale (C-Scale) permission obtained from author

Article: The Confidence Scale: Development and Psychometric Characteristics

Instrument and article: Intrinsic Motivation Inventory (IMI) No permission needed

Instrument: Satisfaction With Life Scale (SWLS) No permission needed.

Instrument: Brief-Coping Orientation to Problems Experienced Inventory (COPE) No permission needed

  • Articles: 

Carver, C. S. (1997). You want to measure coping but your protocol’s too long: Consider the Brief COPE. International Journal of Behavioral Medicine, 4, 92-100. [abstract]

Instrument and Article:

Initial Post

  • For your initial post, please pick one of the instruments or tools provided, read the peer reviewed article, examine the aspects of the instrument or tool, and explain the Cronbach’s alpha reliability coefficient score and usefulness. In addition, share with your peers how the instrument or tool will fit with your paper to use before and after your intervention. It may not be a perfect fit but pick one so we can go through the process.