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Section I ( for this section answer each question up to 4 sentence )

Directions: Be able to identify each of the people/objects/places/terms/events below. In a short answer, explain why are they significant and how they influenced Early Western History?

1. The Epic of Gilgamesh
2. The Valley of the Kings
3. Chauvet Caves
4. Cuneiform
5. Hammurapi
6. Lucy
7. Akhenaten
8. Neolithic Period
9. Assyrians
10. Ur
11. The Tanakh
12. Cyrus the Great
13. Fertile Crescent
14. Thera
15. Ötzi
16. The Phoenicians
17. Solomon’s Temple
18. The Stepped Pyramid of Djoser
19. Zoroastrianism
20. The Battle of Kadesh

Section II ( for this section answer each question at least 125 words ).

Directions: Be prepared to answer the following questions. Answer the question completely and include some discussion of primary sources, where appropriate, to support your answer.

1. What factors spurred the development of written scripts? How did the development of written scripts affect the societies that developed them?
2. Compare the Neo-Assyrian state and Persian Empire. How did they form different types of states? How did each try to integrate its realms?
3. Why was the Nile ‘central’ to life in Egypt?
4. How did the cultures of the Minoans and Mycenaeans contribute to the development of Greece?
5. Describe the reforms of Akhenaten and discuss his role as a ‘revolutionary’.
6. Compare the Minoan and Egyptian cultures, particularly in terms of art, architecture, and world view.
7. Discuss the problems of interpreting Neolithic culture.
8. Discuss the agricultural and technological revolutions of early humans and their impact on the development of early societies.