FIRST Option: Low-Wage Service Workers(choice #1)

World capitalism has created here and abroad a huge labor pool of low-wage service workers. Such an economic system has played havoc with an increasingly distressed American labor force, and thus pertinent to our study of the relationship between individual and society.

The emphasis will be on capturing the views of low-wage services insofar as how they perceive their jobs and living conditions (b) secondarily their attempts to organize against their perceived abuse by their corporate employers

When appropriate, you are to use the information from the instructor’s lectures and Eherenreich’s book Nickel and Dimed, and other written materials as a springboard for exploring this topic. in your literature

k Nickel and Dimed, and other written materials as a springboard for exploring this topic. in your literature search. What it is like to work in the environment of fast food restaurants, department stores, and home improvement stores. Or what is like to clean homes, work in day care or do other work in helping others for low wages?

I want you to explore the point of view of low-wage services workers, as, for example, Eherenreich did in her study. It may also be helpful to review C. Wright Mills’ concept of the sociological imagination. You want to see the coping mechanisms and troubles of the low-wage service workers in relation to the American economy and class structure in America today.

This is an opportunity to compile and evaluate what information you have been able to obtain within a limited time frame. You will be asked to interview five interviewees or informants who are currently doing low-wage service work. In terms of wages, make the cut-off earnings of about a maximum of $13 an hour. Presumably most such workers are making around minimum wage that will vary from state to state or city to city.

The point of the paper is to capture the perspective of the low-wage service worker as Eherenreich has done in the global economy of surplus labor. Do take into account that Ehrenreich did not obtain a random sample of the population of low-wage service workers. Like Ehrenreich you are doing an exploratory study with the difference being that Ehrenreich’s study is based on the method of participant observation.

Make a list of questions to guide your literature search. The questions should uncover the work environment, management style, working conditions and wages/health care. What do the interviewees literature about how well they are coping living on low wages and with probably no company sponsored or affordable health care. You might ask if they and co-workers are working on getting or joining a union.

Your bibliography or list of sources should contain what you have actually read. I suggest you include an appendix of quotes you are incorporating in your final paper. AGAIN i STRESS FOR YOU TO CAPTURE THE PERSPECTIVE OF THE LOW-WAGE SERVICE WORKER, BUT KEEPING MIND THE BIGGER PICTURE OF THE AMERICAN CORPORATE CAPITALIST ECONOMY THAT SO LIMITS THE OPPORTUNITY FOR PERSONS TO MOVE OUT OF DEAD-END JOBS.

YOUR PAPER SHOULD INCLUDE THE FOLLOWING ITEMS OR SECTIONS

You must first write an introductory paragraph indicating what this paper is about and how you intend to do it. Be sure and define what you mean by low-wage service worker. You will want to include leading questions,

More specifically, You want to structure your paper with the ideas to which you have been exposed so far in the lectures and readings. While we know that individuals have a degree of free choice to better their lives through their own initiative and drive, their options or choices are limited. The system is rigged against them. There are barriers to getting more training and attaining more credentials, and if one should there is no guarantee of a good job.

Your paper should contain the following steps plus keeping in mind the background material cited above:

1 Define low-wage service work along with the purpose of your paper and how you intend to carry it out

2. Select five persons to interview. How you select them is up to you. If you are currently working in a low-wage service job you can interview yourself.

3. Let Ehreneich’s research be your model. Compare your findings to what Ehreneich observed among her co-workers.

4. Body of the paper should contain a picture, a presentation of the world of the low-wage service worker from the perspective of the low-wage service worker. Try to find compilations at the micro-level of what such individuals endure–living on the edge financially. Instability of the work situation. Abuses of management. Get good quotes from your subjects to illustrate how they see their overall situation.

5. To show you are capturing the point of view of each interviewee insert in the body of your paper key statements that the different interviewees have made.

6. Summarize what you found in your overall findings. Be sure and discuss what you learned that you didn’t know before doing the research. What are your recommendations to improve the situation for such workers?

7. The mechanics: aim for about 5-8 pages. Have a reference page listing the books, lectures, and articles that you actually read. List the title and author of at least five sources or citations. An optional appendix would contain quotes from informants and authors you included in your paper. Again I’m leaving it up to you as to the number of references you decide to list in your bibliography.

Global Stratification

1. What is Global Stratification? please quote from the textbook chapter 9 (see attachment for the book). (1 point)

2. Compare and contrast World System Theory with Neocolonialism. What are some strengths and some weakness of these two theories? Please quote the textbook and apply one theory to a country of your choice. (2 points)

Reply to another student wether you agree or disagree, also add any additional thoughts on the students’ point. (2 pts)

1. Social stratification is defined by the textbook as “the division of large numbers of people into layers according to their relative property, power, and prestige; applies to both nations and to people within a nation, society, or other group” (231). Global stratification is a similar concept at the global level. The textbook states that “just as the people within a nation are stratified by prosperity, power, and prestige, so are the world’s nations” (247). An example is labeling countries as first, second, or third world countries.

World system theory is “a theory of how economic and political connections developed and now tie the world’s countries together” (254). This theory divides nations into four categories: core nations, semiperiphery, periphery, and external area. Neocolonialism is “the economic and political dominance of the Least Industrialized Nations by the Most Industrialized Nations” (257). They are similar in that they both attempt to explain how global stratification came about. They differ in that world system theory explains that some nations developed more economically than others while neocolonialism explains how stronger nations took advantage of weaker nations and subjugated them even more. The strength of neocolonialism may be that it takes a more realistic view of events. The strength of world system theory is that it does not blame any country and simply explains what has happened. Neocolonialism can be applied to Puerto Rico. America first took control of Puerto Rico under the pretense of freeing it from Spain. Puerto Rico remained a U.S. territory but did not enjoy the rights of legal states.

2. Social stratification divides nations and people within those nations into separate groups based on power, wealth, and relative privilege (Henslin 231). At the top, there are groups with power and at the bottom, there are the poor and oftentimes oppressed. Global stratification takes that division of people and brings it to the global scale with entire countries being grouped together. There are three categories: the Most Industrialized Nations, the Industrializing Nations, and the Least Industrialized Nations (Henslin 246). The Most Industrialized Countries have economies based on capitalism and hold the most wealth. The people living in the Industrializing Nations have “much lower incomes and standards of living than those who live in the Most Industrialized Nations” bust still do better than those living in the Least Industrialized Nations who live in poverty (Henslin 250). Henslin also names a fourth group – the oil-rich, nonindustrialized nations. These nations are wealthy due to natural gas resources, but are not industrialized. However, they do have more infrastructure in terms of technological development and resources than the Least Industrialized Nations.

World system theory states that industrialization gave rise to four groups of nations: the core nations which industrialized first and hold the most power; the semiperiphery, whose economies declined due to dependence on trade with the core nations; the periphery, which sold cash crops to the core nations and had less developed economies; and the external area, which were nations left out of the development of capitalism (Henslin 255). A strength of this theory would be that the groups are clearly defined which makes it easier to classify nations. However, a weakness is that the grouping of the nations needs to be updated due to the economies of certain countries changing. For example, eastern Europe and Asia would no longer be considered external area because they are now capitalistic societies. Because so many countries are capitalist today, the “external area” group would be practically irrelevant. Another issue is that since the globalization of capitalism has connected many countries through trade, many countries would have to be reclassified as semiperiphery.

In colonialism, industrialized countries sought to gain economic colonies by physically taking over another nation’s government in order to exploit resources (Henslin 254). In neocolonialism, industrialized countries are not taking over another country’s government through force but use international markets to control them. The Most Industrialized Nations sell goods on credit to the Least Industrialized Nations, which accrue debt and thus force those nations into trading terms decided by the neocolonists (Henslin 257). A strength would be that it is easier to see which countries influence others by gaining information about how much debt one country owes another. On the other hand, if it is difficult to gain access to information about debt owed this could be considered a weakness. Both the world system theory and neocolonialism are similar because they emphasize that “international political arrangements benefit the Most Industrialized Nations at the expense of the poor nations” and does not blame poor nations the way the theory culture of poverty does (Henslin 256). One example of neocolonialism is the African country Congo influenced by Belgium. Even after decolonization and Congo became an independent country, Belgium continued to control a majority of the Congolese economy. Belgian mining companies still had control over certain parts of resource- and mineral-rich provinces of the Congo.

Writing Workshop: Transitioning Inside and Between Paragraphs

It is important to make it as easy as possible for your reader to follow and understand the order of your argument. Using proper transitions can be a huge help with that. It is important that you transition your readers as you move them between different body paragraphs as well as between different examples within a single body paragraph. The organization of your written work includes two elements: (1) the order in which you have chosen to present the different parts of your discussion or argument, and (2) the relationships you construct between these parts. Transitions cannot substitute for good organization, but they can make your organization clearer and easier to follow.

Transiting Between Paragraphs: If you have done a good job of arranging paragraphs so that the content of one leads logically to the next, the transition will highlight a relationship that already exists by summarizing the previous paragraph and suggesting something of the content of the paragraph that follows. A transition between paragraphs can be a word or two (however, for example, similarly), a phrase, or a sentence. Transitions can be at the end of the first paragraph, at the beginning of the second paragraph, or in both places.

Transiting Within Paragraphs: As with transitions between sections and paragraphs, transitions within paragraphs act as cues by helping readers to anticipate what is coming before they read it. Within paragraphs, transitions tend to be single words or short phrases.

Check out the sample transitions below:

LOGICAL RELATIONSHIP	TRANSITIONAL EXPRESSION
Similarity	also, in the same way, just as … so too, likewise, similarly
Exception/Contrast	but, however, in spite of, on the one hand … on the other hand, nevertheless, nonetheless, notwithstanding, in contrast, on the contrary, still, yet
Sequence/Order	first, second, third, … next, then, finally
Time	after, afterward, at last, before, currently, during, earlier, immediately, later, meanwhile, now, recently, simultaneously, subsequently, then
Example	for example, for instance, namely, specifically, to illustrate
Emphasis	even, indeed, in fact, of course, truly
Place/Position	above, adjacent, below, beyond, here, in front, in back, nearby, there
Cause and Effect	accordingly, consequently, hence, so, therefore, thus
Additional Support or Evidence	additionally, again, also, and, as well, besides, equally important, further, furthermore, in addition, moreover, then
Conclusion/Summary	finally, in a word, in brief, briefly, in conclusion, in the end, in the final analysis, on the whole, thus, to conclude, to summarize, in sum, to sum up, in summary

Transition Video 1

Transition Video 2

Transition Video 3

Activity, Practicing Transitions:

Look back at the transitions above. Then, read the paragraph below from one of your classmate’s essay on social media. I have removed all the transitions. Help us put those back in by filling in the blanks with an appropriate transition. **Do note the comma used after each transition.

, more often, social media activism fails to make a significant difference as it does not inspire the long-term investment required. , Erin Lee, a journalist for the National Public Radio, in her article “How Effective is Social Media Activism,” relates it all to effort. She says, “Studies have shown that when people support a cause with some effort, they’re more likely to support a cause with an even larger effort in the future… If college students choose to be activists by sharing a link or liking a status, they may not feel more compelled to take real, tangible effort towards social change (2). The popularity of a movement now does not hold real value unless it is held accountable to have the lasting effect of change. ,in the article “Small Change”by Malcolm Gladwell, a renown journalist for The New Yorker, the author makes the claim that social media does not foster strong commitments. He says, “The platforms of social media are built around weak ties,” continuing to ask, “How [do] the [social media] campaigns get so many people to sign up? By not asking too much of them. That’s the only way you can get someone you don’t really know to do something on your behalf” (3). When social media users are asked to do something by a stranger, they do not develop the necessary commitment to follow through. , this idea of weak relationships crosses over to lead to weak campaigns and weak pledges.

ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY

An annotated bibliography is a list of secondary source citations with a short overview of each essay’s main argument. The educational goal is to 1) gather information necessary for your final research paper and 2) to train yourself in finding other authors’ theses sentences so you can write your own. Before you begin this assignment you should read the Purdue OWL section on annotated bibliographies at https://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/resource/614/01/ (Links to an external site.)

For this assignment you should:

1. List at least six secondary sources in alphabetical order. These should include 3 books and 3 journal articles.
2. Include all information required by the MLA style for the citation. You can find this in your handbook or online at https://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/resource/747/01/ (Links to an external site.)
3. Include a 75-100 word summary of each source, which should include direct quotes. The goal here is for you to find the author’s thesis sentence.
4. Proofread for grammar errors. For style guidance, go to https://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/ (Links to an external site.)

Your bibliography should look something like this for a book:

Lamott, Anne. Bird by Bird: Some Instructions on Writing and Life. New York: Anchor Books, 1995. Print.

Lamott’s book offers honest advice on the nature of a writing life, complete with its insecurities and failures. Taking a humorous approach to the realities of being a writer, the chapters in Lamott’s book are wry and anecdotal and offer advice on everything from plot development to jealousy, from perfectionism to struggling with one’s own internal critic. In the process, Lamott includes writing exercises designed to be both productive and fun.

Lamott offers sane advice for those struggling with the anxieties of writing, but her main project seems to be offering the reader a reality check regarding writing, publishing, and struggling with one’s own imperfect humanity in the process. Rather than a practical handbook to producing and/or publishing, this text is indispensable because of its honest perspective, its down-to-earth humor, and its encouraging approach.

Chapters in this text could easily be included in the curriculum for a writing class. Several of the chapters in Part 1 address the writing process and would serve to generate discussion on students’ own drafting and revising processes. Some of the writing exercises would also be appropriate for generating classroom writing exercises. Students should find Lamott’s style both engaging and enjoyable.

(Example from https://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/resource/614/03/ (Links to an external site.) )

And like this for an article:

Babbitt, Kevin. “Mary Magdalene and the Drama of Saints: Theatre, Gender, and Religion in Late Medieval England.” Theatre Journal 57.2 (2005). 331-332. 10 September 2005. <http://muse.jhu.edu/journals/ theatre_journal/v057/57.2babbitt.html (Links to an external site.)>.

The author provides an in-depth review of Theresa Coletti’s book (ISBN-13: 978-0812238006) based on the Bodleian Library manuscript Digby 133 (the Digby Mary Magdalene). He is very favorable of the book, describing the author’s analysis as knowledgeable, thorough, and cohesive. Babbitt highly recommends the text for anyone interested in looking at the performance of religion, especially in light of gender issues.

English 1102: Essay 6: Annotated Bibliography

25% Research

The student demonstrates proficiency with searching the Troy University library online catalogue and databases to identify 5-7 potential secondary sources for the final research paper. The research is a combination of books and scholarly articles. Each potential source focuses on a specific text from the syllabus and demonstrates a general focus on a single theme or issue within the work that will be the subject of the final research paper. (In other words, the student does not cite the first 5-7 items that pop up during the research process, but searches for essays on imagery in Emily Dickinson, for example).

25% Proper MLA formatting

The annotated bibliography demonstrates student awareness of proper MLA formatting procedures as outlined at https://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/section/2/11/ (Links to an external site.). Among these procedures: listing authors in alphabetical order by last name; authors’ last names listed first, followed by first name; proper citation of title using italics for full-length books and quotation marks for an article, short story, or poems; use of place, publisher, and date of publication for books and journal title, volume and issue, date of publication, and page numbers for articles; use of punctuation including periods, commas, and semi-colons; and proper acknowledgment of medium of publication, including use of “Print” for physical books (“hard copy”) and articles consulted and URL and date access documentation for sources read online (Web. Date)

25% Annotations

The student writes a coherent, 75-100 word paragraph summarizing the thesis of the secondary source using complete sentences. The paragraph includes quotes, whether a complete sentence or selected phrases from the source, along with a parenthetical reference for the page number cited.

10% Punctuation/Grammar

The student has followed punctuation and grammar rules throughout the paper. The student has also paid attention to accuracy in spelling and the overall formatting of the paper.

15% Improvement

The annotated bibliography shows signs of concerted effort on the student’s part to correct grammar errors from previous assignments and to demonstrate improvement over the course of the semester.

Please avoid plagiarism

Please use simple words

Please answer all the questions below

Here some videos

https://youtu.be/VfmR54giIJA First question

https://youtu.be/QeIFStw14U8 “this atoms for Peace and development”

https://youtu.be/F59fF-xu-bY “what dose the world bank actually do?”

https://youtu.be/WCKz8ykyI2E“ sustainable city”

POL 100 I Exam #1 Total 125 points

Due Date: September 28, 2019

Current Events (15 points total)

1. For the last three months protests have been going on each weekend in Hong Kong. According to the video shown in class “Hong Kong protests: what’s at stake for China” from The Economist answer the following questions. (2 points each—10 points total)

a) What is the agreement now between China and Hong Kong?

b) Who controlled Hong Kong before 1997 and why was the area returned to China?

c) What is the importance of the year 2047 for Hong Kong?

d) What is reason the protests began?

e) Why is China reluctant to end the protest militarily?

2. On September 17 Israel will hold their second election this year. Why is Israel holding another election at this time? What are the results of this election? (5 points)

From the Videos (5 points each—10 points total)

1) According to the YouTube video “”This is Atoms for Peace and Development” what are the goals and responsibilities of the IAEA? (5 points)

2) According to the video “What does the World Bank Actually Do” when did the World Bank begin, what are its two main goals, and what are their primary concerns? What is their position on the issue of “enforced resettlement?” What are the similarities and differences between the World Bank and the IMF? (5 points)

From Social Impact Module (5 points each—15 points total)

1. From the YouTube video what are the 5 principles of social impact described in the Ted Talk? Brainstorm an idea using these principles and propose an organization and write a mission statement for your proposal. (5 points)

2. From the video YouTube video what are the pillars of sustainability? Discuss the goals of sustainability outlined in the video. What are the responsibilities of consumers for sustainability? (5 points)

3. After watching the YouTube video “Sustainable City” what are their main goals? What innovations used there can be adopted in other urban areas? (5 points)

From the Geopolitical Affairs PowerPoint (5 points each—10 points total)

1) What are the “Four Pillars of Power?” (5 points)

2) What is “soft power?” In what ways can this policy be carried out? (5 points)

From POL 100 Notes (5 points each—20 total)

1. Why was the United Nations formed? Why was the organization formed? (5 points)

2. Answer the following questions about the United Nations: (5 points total)

a) What is the mission of the Security Council? Who are the permanent members of the Security Council?

b) Where the International Court of Justice located and what is are its primary responsibilities?

c) List and explain the functions of three UN specialized agencies.

3. What is the United Nations Declaration of Human Rights? Describe the documents origin and comment on three of the rights guaranteed by the document. (5 points)

4. List the five countries with the largest economies in 2018-2019. What is the G7? What do they represent? What country in the G8 was suspended in 2014? (5 points)

From Supranationalism and Devolution (15 points total)

5. Define supranationalism and devolution. (5 points)

6. After watching YouTube videos on the European Union and the African Union, why are they an example of supranationalism? (5 points)

7. From the notes, use Czechoslovakia and Yugoslavia as examples of devolution. What new countries emerged after they broke apart? (5 points)

From Terrorism by Walter Laquerer

8. Answer the following questions from the article “Terrorism: A Brief History” by Walter Laqueur. (2 points—10 points total)

a) What is the State Department definition of terrorism?

b) What was the most deadly terrorist attack is the United States prior to September 11, 2001 and who was responsible for that attack?

c) Who were the “assassins” and what methods did they use?

d) What was the “hide tide of terrorism” and what events are linked to terrorist organizations?

e) What is the difference between ”traditional terrorism “ and “indiscriminate terrorism” and what are the targets for each?

9. For 5 points each, after viewing the YouTube videos about each group, write a paragraph about each of the following state department listed Foreign Terrorist Organizations: (5 points each—15 points total)

a) ETA (Basque Freedom and Liberty)

b) IRA (Irish Republican Army)

c) LTTE (Tamil Tigers)

From POL 100 Notes Part II (5 points each—15 points total)

1) What are the policy differences between the “environmentalists” and the “environmental skeptics?” From recent news accounts describe two places where the impact of climate change is effecting geopolitics (5 points)

2) What is the current population of the world? What are the estimates for world population in 2025? What are the five largest countries by population? (5 points)

3) According to Jeffrey Sachs in The End of Poverty how can poverty be eliminated in the next twenty years? What is the definition of extreme poverty according to the World Bank? How many people is it estimated are considered to be living in extreme poverty? (5 points)