answer the question

1. Climate is the consistent, ___________ behaviour of _________ over time, _________its variability.

: A) short-term; temperature; including

B) long-term; weather; excluding

C) short-term; weather; excluding

D) long-term; weather; including

2. The atmospheric region in which the atmospheric gases are uniform is the:

A) mesosphere

B) homosphere

C) ozone layer

D) heterosphere

3. Temperatures within the stratosphere:

A) decrease with altitude due to radiation loss

B) remain about the same from the tropopause to the stratopause

C) decrease with altitude according to the normal lapse rate

D) increase with altitude because of the absorption of ultraviolet radiation

Question 4 (1 point)

When water evaporates, it ________ heat energy and __________ the surrounding air.

Question 4 options: A) releases; cools

B) releases; heats

C) absorbs; cools

D) absorbs; heats

Question 5 (1 point)

Conduction refers to:

Question 5 options: A) strong vertical motions in the atmosphere

B) the vertical movement of air in response to temperature-induced density differences

C) the behaviour of something

D) the molecule-to-molecule transfer of heat energy that diffuses through the material

Question 6 (1 point)

The two main portions of the solar spectrum which enter the atmosphere are:

Question 6 options: A) visible and infrared energy

B) X-rays and visible light

C) infrared and gamma rays

D) ultraviolet and visible

Question 7 (1 point)

Albedo is:

Question 7 options: A) an explanation of the coriolis effect

B) the rate at which temperature declines with altitude

C) constant and unwavering in the atmosphere

D) the percentage of energy reflected off a surface

Question 8 (1 point)

On a clear day, about what percentage of incoming solar radiation reaches the Earth?

Question 8 options: A) 45%

B) 80%

C) 20%

D) 100%

Question 9 (1 point)

Net radiation is generally _______ during the _______.

Question 9 options: A) negative; day

B) undefined; day

C) positive; day

D) positive; night

Question 10 (1 point)

The maximum daily temperature usually occurs:

Question 10 options: A) when advection processes finally provide the region with warm air in the afternoon from convective activity

B) at solar noon anywhere on earth

C) always between 2:00 and 3:00pm due to lag effects

D) when the incoming energy begins to diminish from reduced sun angles

A temperature inversion is a situation where:

Question 11 options: A) vertical motions are enhanced

B) air quality is good

C) temperature decreases with increasing altitude

D) temperature increases with increasing altitude

Question 12 (1 point)

Both City A and City B are located at the same latitude. City A has a mean annual temperature of 27oC and a temperature range of 22oC. City B has a mean annual temperature of 26oC and a temperature range of 14oC. Which city is located in the interior of the continent?

Question 12 options: A) City B

B) It is impossible to say

C) City A

Question 13 (1 point)

Relative humidity:

Question 13 options: A) is responsible for life on earth

B) is the amount of water vapor in the air compared to the amount it could hold

C) depends upon the volume of water present in the air unrelated to temperature

D) is the total amount of water vapor present in the air

Question 14 (1 point)

The temperature at which air becomes saturated is known as:

Question 14 options: A) adiabatic temperature

B) environmental lapse temperature

C) dew point temperature

D) saturatized temperature

Question 15 (1 point)

A parcel of air rises vertically and cools as it rises due only to expansion. This air parcel would best be described as:

Question 15 options: A) conditionally unstable

B) unstable with adiabatic cooling

C) stable with diabatic cooling

D) stable with adiabatic cooling

Question 16 (1 point)

Saved

The dry adiabatic lapse rate (DAR) is:

Question 16 options: A) 10oC per 1000m – a fixed rate

B) the rate used for a saturated parcel of air

C) 6oC per 1000m

D) a term that refers to the temperature decrease in the still calm air that surrounds a moving air parcel

Question 17 (1 point)

Saved

Which of the following is a middle-level cloud type?

Question 17 options: A) cirrostratus

B) stratocumulus

C) altostratus

D) cumulonimbus

Question 18 (1 point)

A fog type which occurs when a warm moist marine air mass moves over a cold land mass is:

Question 18 options: A) advection

B) radiation

C) forest

D) dew

Question 19 (1 point)

Precipitation normal refers to:

Question 19 options: A) the moisture demand in the water balance

B) all forms of moisture – including fog

C) rain, sleet, snow and hail

D) the actual evapotranspiration amount

Question 20 (1 point)

Which of the following is true of the collision-coalscence process?

Question 20 options: A) Water droplets evaporate.

B) Ice crystals grow at the expense of water droplets.

C) Water droplets merge and grow in size.

D) It is the same as the Bergeron process.

Air descending a mountain range is usually:

Question 21 options: A) identical in temperature and moisture to that ascending a peak

B) warmer and drier

C) warmer and moister

D) colder and moister

Question 22 (1 point)

Air converges toward the centre of a cyclone then:

Question 22 options: A) sinks vertically in the cell

B) remains stationary in the center of the cyclone

C) is deflected away from the cyclone

D) rises vertically in the cell

Question 23 (1 point)

Land-sea breezes:

Question 23 options: A) blow offshore during the day, onshore during the night

B) blow onshore during the day, offshore during the night

C) do not vary during the day because land and water tend to warm equally

D) are also known as Chinook winds since they both cause warming

Question 24 (1 point)

The combined effect of the Coriolis force and the pressure gradient force in the middle and upper troposphere produces:

Question 24 options: A) trade winds

B) surface winds

C) westerlies

D) geostropic winds

Question 25 (1 point)

The direction of the polar jet stream in the northern hemisphere is mostly from the:

Question 25 options: A) east

B) south

C) north

D) west

Question 26 (1 point)

The Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ) is characterized by:

Question 26 options: A) cold, dry sinking air

B) warm, dry rising air

C) cold, dry rising air

D) warm, wet rising air

Question 27 (1 point)

If I’m standing at 45 degrees north, 90 degrees west I would be influenced by the:

Question 27 options: A) the N.E. trade winds

B) the westerlies

C) none of the above

D) the polar easterlies

Question 28 (1 point)

Air masses that develop over Canada are examples of ____ air masses.

Question 28 options: A) mT

B) mP

C) cT

D) cP

Question 29 (1 point)

After a warm front passes, the temperature _______ and the pressure ______ (relative to the conditions that existed prior to the passage of the front).

Question 29 options: A) decreases; increases

B) decreases; decreases

C) increases; decreases

D) increases; increases

Question 30 (1 point)

Summer thunderstorms in the southern U.S. are usually produced by towering _______ clouds that form by ________.

Question 30 options: A) cumulonimbus; convergence

B) nimbostratus; frontal uplift

C) cumulonimbus; convection

D) nimbostratus; convection